Deep neuromuscular blockade and low insufflation pressure during laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Introduction: Establishment of sufficient muscle relaxation is essential in laparoscopic surgery. During laparoscopy, surgeons can experience abdominal contractions in their patients. Deep neuromuscular block (NMB) has the potential to prevent such episodes.

Postoperative shoulder pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy with deep neuromuscular blockade and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative shoulder pain remains a significant problem after laparoscopy. Pneumoperitoneum with insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is thought to be the most important cause. Reduction of pneumoperitoneum pressure may, however, compromise surgical visualisation.

Single port laparoscopic surgery: concept and controversies of a new technique.

LESS, or laparo-endoscopic single site surgery, is a promising new method in minimally invasive surgery. An increasing number of surgical procedures are being performed using this technique; however, its large-scale adoption awaits results of prospective randomized controlled studies confirming potential benefits. Theoretically, cosmetic outcomes, postoperative pain and complication rates could be improved with use of single site surgery.