Current Value of Biparametric Prostate MRI with Machine-Learning or Deep-Learning in the Detection, Grading, and Characterization of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Prostate cancer detection with magnetic resonance imaging is based on a standardized MRI-protocol according to the PI-RADS guidelines including morphologic imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, and perfusion. To facilitate data acquisition and analysis the contrast-enhanced perfusion is often omitted resulting in a biparametric prostate MRI protocol. The intention of this review is to analyze the current value of biparametric prostate MRI in combination with methods of machine-learning and deep learning in the detection, grading, and characterization of prostate cancer; if available a direct comparison with human radiologist performance was performed.

[Structured reporting in daily practice-status quo and future].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Introduction and application of structured reporting in radiology private practice.

Standard Radiological Methods: Ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), digital x‑ray (DR), mammography (MG).

Methodological Innovations: Structuring and predefinition of entire reports and report parts.

[Does SARS-CoV-2 cause lung inflammation even in mild clinical courses? : A multicenter report from outpatient care].

Objective: In spring 2020 imaging findings of the lungs were found in several radiological practices and in outpatient clinic patients, which indicated acute or previous viral pneumonia. It was striking that many of the patients affected had only mild symptoms. In this case study it was investigated to what extent SARS-CoV‑2 can cause lung involvement even with minor symptoms.

Magnetic resonance imaging reveals distinct bone marrow patterns in indolent and advanced systemic mastocytosis.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is broadly subcategorized according to mast cell (MC) burden and organ involvement into indolent (ISM), smoldering (SSM), and advanced SM (AdvSM). However, the pattern and extent of bone involvement remains controversial. In this institutional review board (IRB)-approved study, 115 patients with different forms of SM (ISM (n = 37, 32%), SSM (n = 9, 8%), and AdvSM (n = 69, 60%)) underwent a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging including sagittal and coronal T1 and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequences of the spine.

Prevalence and Incidence of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in the Population Living in the Southwest of Germany.

Background/aims: The prevalence and incidence of autoimmune pancreatitis (AiP) in those living in western countries are largely unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of AiP among patients with pancreatitis presenting to our tertiary referral center in Mannheim, Germany; and to estimate the incidence of AiP in the Southwest of Germany.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis and determined the prevalence of AiP in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis with the Unifying-Autoimmune-Pancreatitis-Criteria.

Background/objectives: We had developed the Unifying-Autoimmune-Pancreatitis-Criteria (U-AIP) to diagnose autoimmune pancreatitis (AiP) within the M-ANNHEIM classification of chronic pancreatitis. In 2011, International-Consensus-Diagnostic-Criteria (ICDC) to diagnose AiP have been published. We had applied the U-AIP long before the ICDC were available.

Gadobutrol in Renally Impaired Patients: Results of the GRIP Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential risk of gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment for the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective, international, multicenter, open-label study in 55 centers. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment scheduled for any gadobutrol-enhanced MRI were included.

Can Ferumoxytol be Used as a Contrast Agent to Differentiate Between Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Kidney Disease?: Feasibility Study in a Rat Model.

Objectives: Ferumoxytol, an intravenous iron supplement, can be used in off-label mode as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this study was to assess whether ferumoxytol can be used as a marker of inflammation in animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory kidney diseases.

Material And Methods: The institutional animal care committee approved this study.

Fast inner-volume imaging of the lumbar spine with a spatially focused excitation using a 3D-TSE sequence.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and technical quality of a zoomed three-dimensional (3D) turbo spin-echo (TSE) sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions (SPACE) sequence of the lumbar spine.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective feasibility study, nine volunteers underwent a 3-T magnetic resonance examination of the lumbar spine including 1) a conventional 3D T2-weighted (T2w) SPACE sequence with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition technique acceleration factor 2 and 2) a zoomed 3D T2w SPACE sequence with a reduced field of view (reduction factor 2). Images were evaluated with regard to image sharpness, signal homogeneity, and the presence of artifacts by two experienced radiologists.

CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) for dynamic liver imaging: comparison of gadoterate meglumine, gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid.

Purpose: CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-VIBE is a robust method for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging providing both high spatial and high temporal resolution. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) on image quality (IQ) with CDT-VIBE.

Materials And Methods: In this IRB-approved, retrospective, inter-individual comparison study, 86 patients scanned at 3T were included.

Postoperative changes in body composition--comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and magnetic resonance imaging in bariatric patients.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) result in a marked reduction of body fat and also visceral fat (VF) decrease up to 36 % in 16 weeks. This leads to positive effects on cardiometabolic risks, which are known to be correlated with the occurrence of VF. This study analyzed the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for determining VF in the postoperative course.

Zoomed EPI-DWI of the head and neck with two-dimensional, spatially-selective radiofrequency excitation pulses.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of zoomed diffusion-weighted EPI (z-EPI) in the head and neck in a healthy volunteer population and to compare to conventional single-shot EPI (c-EPI).

Material And Methods: Nine volunteers were included in this prospective, IRB-approved study. Examinations were performed on a 3 T-MR system equipped with a two-channel, fully-dynamic parallel transmit array.

Enhancement characteristics and impact on image quality of two gadolinium chelates at equimolar doses for time-resolved 3-Tesla MR-angiography of the calf station.

Purpose: To compare enhancement characteristics and image quality of two macrocyclic gadolinium chelates, gadoterate meglumine and gadobutrol, in low-dose, time-resolved MRA of the calf station.

Materials And Methods: 100 consecutive patients with peripheral arterial disease (stages II-IV) were retrospectively analysed. Fifty patients were included in each group - 32 men and 18 women for gadobutrol (mean age 67 years) and 34 men, 16 women for gadoterate meglumine (mean age 64 years).

Assessment of acute intestinal graft versus host disease by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla.

Objectives: After allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), a reliable diagnosis of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) is essential for an early and successful treatment. It is the aim of this analysis to assess intestinal aGvHD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Prior to allogeneic SCT, 64 consecutive patients underwent abdominal MRI examination on a 3 T MR system, including axial and coronal T2w sequences and a three-dimensional dynamic T1w, contrast enhanced sequence.

How to measure the right ventricular outflow tract with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a head-to-head comparison of methods.

Introduction: Structural abnormalities of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) have been described in several clinical conditions. The aim of our study was to prospectively compare the available approaches to measuring the RVOT area and diameter by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and establish reference values in healthy volunteers. In addition, we sought to introduce a new algorithm for dedicated RVOT area evaluation determined by the RVOT axis.

Zoomed EPI-DWI of the pancreas using two-dimensional spatially-selective radiofrequency excitation pulses.

Background: Implementation of DWI in the abdomen is challenging due to artifacts, particularly those arising from differences in tissue susceptibility. Two-dimensional, spatially-selective radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulses for single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) combined with a reduction in the FOV in the phase-encoding direction (i.e.

Nonenhanced ECG-gated quiescent-interval single shot MRA: image quality and stenosis assessment at 3 tesla compared with contrast-enhanced MRA and digital subtraction angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a nonenhanced electrocardiograph-gated quiescent-interval single shot MR-angiography (QISS-MRA) at 3 Tesla with contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) serving as reference standard.

Materials And Methods: Following institutional review board approval, 16 consecutive patients with peripheral arterial disease underwent a combined peripheral MRA protocol consisting of a large field-of-view QISS-MRA, continuous table movement MRA, and an additional time-resolved MRA of the calves. DSA correlation was available in eight patients.

Clinical application of 3D VIBECAIPI-DIXON for non-enhanced imaging of the pancreas compared to a standard 2D fat-saturated FLASH.

Purpose: To compare a fast 3D VIBE sequence with Dixon fat saturation and CAIPIRINHA acceleration techniques (3D VIBE(CAIPI-DIXON)) to a standard 2D FLASH sequence with spectral fat saturation and conventional GRAPPA acceleration technique (2D Flash(GRAPPA-fs)) for non-enhanced imaging of the pancreas.

Methods And Materials: In this retrospective, institutional review board-approved intra-individual comparison study, 29 patients (7 female, 22 male; mean age 60.4 ± 20.

Value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the detection of nephritis.

Purpose: To evaluate diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI-MRI) for the detection and assessment of infectious renal disease.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients with suspicious increased signal intensity of the kidneys on DWI sequences and corresponding ADC decrease were identified. Sixty patients without clinical signs of renal infection served as a control group.

Microwave ablation of osteoid osteomas using dynamic MR imaging for early treatment assessment: preliminary experience.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of microwave ablation for osteoid osteomas by using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in early treatment assessment.

Materials And Methods: Ten patients (two female, eight male; mean age, 28 y; range, 16-47 y) presenting with osteoid osteomas were treated between June 2010 and December 2012 with the use of computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation. Osteoid osteomas were found at the femoral neck (n = 4), tibia (n = 3), calcaneus (n = 1), navicular bone (n = 1), and dorsal rib (n = 1).

Do depressed patients without activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system have metabolic disturbances?

This study compared features of the metabolic syndrome between healthy controls and depressed patients without activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. After exclusion of non-suppressors to 1mg dexamethasone, we included 20 depressed inpatients and 34 healthy controls in the analyses. We assessed HPA system activity (diurnal saliva cortisol profile, cortisol excretion), normetanephrine excretion as well as fasting glucose, lipid profile and blood pressure.

Impact of time-resolved MRA on diagnostic accuracy in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease of the calf station.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the added diagnostic accuracy of time-resolved MR angiography (MRA) of the calves compared with continuous-table-movement MRA in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) correlation.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-four consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD underwent a low-dose 3-T MRA protocol, consisting of continuous-table-movement MRA, acquired from the diaphragm to the calves, and an additional time-resolved MRA of the calves; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight (bw) of contrast material was used (0.

Impact of field strength and RF excitation on abdominal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Aim: To retrospectively and prospectively compare diffusion-weighted (DW) images in the abdomen in a 1.5T system and 3.0T systems with and without two-channel functionality for B1 shimming.

Steady state vascular imaging with extracellular gadobutrol: evaluation of the additional diagnostic benefit in patients who have undergone a peripheral magnetic resonance angiography protocol.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility and additional diagnostic benefit of a high-resolution steady state 3D-volume interpolated breath-hold exam (VIBE) sequence between a continuous table movement (CTM) MR angiography of the entire runoff vasculature and a time-resolved (TWIST) MRA of the calves.

Methods: In this retrospective IRB approved study 224 patients (72 women, 152 men, mean age 67.29 ± 13.