Anatomical, phenological and genetic aspects of the host-parasite relationship between (Hymenoptera) and (Strepsiptera).

is an endoparasite of the mining bee with extreme sexual dimorphism and hypermetamorphosis. Its population structure, parasitization mode, genetic diversity and impact on host morphology were examined in nesting sites in Germany to better understand this highly specialized host–parasite interaction. The shift in host emergence due to stylopization was proven to be especially strong in .