The electroretinography to identify biomarkers of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1.

Hypersomnia spectrum disorders are underdiagnosed and poorly treated due to their heterogeneity and absence of biomarkers. The electroretinography has been proposed as a proxy of central dysfunction and has proved to be valuable to differentiate certain psychiatric disorders. Hypersomnolence is a shared core feature in central hypersomnia and psychiatric disorders.

Somno-Art Software identifies pathology-induced changes in sleep parameters similarly to polysomnography.

Polysomnographic sleep architecture parameters are commonly used to diagnose or evaluate treatment of sleep disorders. Polysomnography (PSG) having practical constraints, the development of wearable devices and algorithms to monitor and stage sleep is rising. Beside pure validation studies, it is necessary for a clinician to ensure that the conclusions drawn with a new generation wearable sleep scoring device are consistent to the ones of gold standard PSG, leading to similar interpretation and diagnosis.

Pupillometry to differentiate idiopathic hypersomnia from narcolepsy type 1.

Idiopathic hypersomnia is poorly diagnosed in the absence of biomarkers to distinguish it from other central hypersomnia subtypes. Given that light plays a main role in the regulation of sleep and wake, we explored the retinal melanopsin-based pupil response in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1, and healthy subjects. Twenty-seven patients with narcolepsy type 1 (women 59%, 36 ± 11.

A comparison of four methods to estimate dim light melatonin onset: a repeatability and agreement study.

Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered the most reliable circadian phase marker in humans. However, the methods to calculate it are diverse, which limits the comparability between studies. Given the key role of DLMO to diagnose circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and determine the optimal timing of chronotherapies, the establishment of clear and validated guidelines on the methodology to assess DLMO is very important.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Quality of Sleep and Chronotype in a Cohort of Adult Patients with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.

Objective/background: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare but well-recognized ciliopathy with high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Cardinal features include obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), which are often associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Also, the high prevalence of blindness due to retinal dystrophy could affect circadian sleep-wake rhythms.

Light therapy with boxes or glasses to counteract effects of acute sleep deprivation.

Sleep deprivation, in the context of shift work, is an increasing major public health issue. We aimed to determine whether early light administration can counteract sleep deprivation effects, and to compare LED-glasses with a traditional light therapy box. This cross-over design study included 18 individuals exposed to light therapy for 30 minutes at 5 am after one night of complete sleep deprivation, to mimic the night shift condition.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Administered Early after Narcolepsy Type 1 Onset in Three Patients Evaluated by Clinical and Polysomnographic Follow-Up.

Narcolepsy type 1 is a rare disabling sleep disorder mainly characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, an emotion-triggered sudden loss of muscle tone. Patients have a selective degeneration of hypocretin-producing neurons in the dorsolateral posterior hypothalamus with growing evidence supporting the hypothesis of an autoimmune mechanism. Few case studies that reported intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg) suggest the efficacy of IVIg when administered early after disease onset, but the results are controversial.

Restless legs syndrome related to hemorrhage of a thoracic spinal cord cavernoma.

Context: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the lower limbs often accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the legs, worsened at rest and in the evening. Symptoms are improved by movement. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood.