Appropriateness of aminoglycoside prescriptions in a French university hospital.

Introduction: Aminoglycosides are a major class of antibiotics. Their use is particularly interesting in the treatment of severe infections but their toxicity is well known. They are mostly prescribed combined with other agents and as first-line treatments.

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis compliance in a university hospital.

Objective: To assess surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) practices in a university hospital in order to identify risk factors associated with non-compliance.

Study Design: Retrospective monocentric study conducted over a 4-month period.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected from the software used in the operating theatre.

Outcomes associated with routine systemic antifungal therapy in critically ill patients with Candida colonization.

Purpose: To assess the evolution of patient deep colonization by Candida spp. in a surgical ICU over an 8-year period.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included all patients hospitalized for more than 2 days in a surgical and trauma ICU of a university hospital, from 2005 to 2012.

Appropriate use of carbapenems in the Besançon university hospital.

Introduction: The excessive and inappropriate use of carbapenems is responsible for the development of resistance. The scientific community has been requiring caution and using these agents in specific cases only.

Objectives: The authors had for aim to evaluate the appropriate use of carbapenems in a French university hospital.

Retrospective assessment of β-D-(1,3)-glucan for presumptive diagnosis of fungal infections.

β-D-(1,3)-glucan (BG) is a component of the cell walls of many fungal organisms. Our aims were to investigate the feasibility of the BG assay and its contribution to early diagnosis of different types of invasive fungal infections (IFI) commonly diagnosed in a tertiary care centre. The BG serum levels of 28 patients diagnosed with six IFI [13 probable invasive aspergillosis (IA), 2 proven IA, 2 zygomycosis, 3 fusariosis, 3 cryptococcosis, 3 candidaemia and 2 pneumocystosis] were retrospectively evaluated.

[Antibiotics in elderly patients: Impact of clinical practice evaluation].

Objective: Improving the use of antimicrobial drugs is a national objective. To this end an evaluation of clinical practice was implemented on prescribed antibiotics in elderly patients, in the Besançon Teaching Hospital.

Design: In 2005, a clinical audit compared the adequacy of antibiotic prescriptions to national guidelines in 37 patients.

Ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA target for real-time PCR diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.

The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of a combination of two quantitative Aspergillus PCR assays, targeting a mitochondrial and a ribosomal target, in patients with risk factors for invasive aspergillosis (IA) and positive galactomannan (GM) antigen. Forty-four patients with hematological malignancies and risk factors for IA according to revised European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group criteria (EORTC/MSG) criteria and presenting at least two sequential GM-positive sera were included in the study. Mitochondrial PCR was carried out prospectively on all GM-positive serum samples.

[Regional audit on fluoroquinolones usage in the hospital and the community: are these antibiotics over-used?].

Aim Of The Study: The ecological impact of an over-use or a mis-use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) appears of great importance according to published data. With the objective to set up a regional antibiotic stewardship program, we conducted a regional audit on FQs usage.

Material And Methods: [corrected] Ninety general practionners and 15 health care facilities participated to this prospective study.

[Clinical audit on the use of expensive systemic antifungals in the Besançon University Hospital].

Unlabelled: The continuous improvement policy for healthcare quality requires practice evaluation. The principle of a clinical audit is to compare practice to guidelines. Prescription guidelines on antifungal agent use has been available in our hospital since 2003.

[Evaluation of antibiotic prescription in a French university hospital].

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic prescription in a French university hospital.

Design: Our hospital participated in an international European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project study, including a longitudinal survey of monthly antibiotic use between 1998 and 2005, and a point prevalence study in 2006. All patients in the hospital on the day of survey were included in the study.

Does hospitalisation affect hypnotic and anxiolytic drug prescribing?

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of hospitalisation on hypnotic and anxiolytic (HA) drug prescription, during and after hospitalisation.

Method: A descriptive study was carried out over three periods: before, during and after hospitalisation (three-month follow-up), examining the presence or absence of HA treatment at each stage. The HA drug list studied was selected using the World Health Organisation (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification system.

Discrepancies between prescribed daily doses and WHO defined daily doses of antibacterials at a university hospital.

Aims: The defined daily doses (DDD) defined by the WHO are widely used as an indicator to measure antibiotic use in the hospital setting. However, discrepancies exist between countries in terms of antibiotic dosage. The aim of the present study was to compare, for each antibacterial agent available at our university hospital, the prescribed daily doses (PDD) with the DDD.

[Risk factors for Abacavir-induced hypersensibility syndrome in the "real world"].

Unlabelled: Abacavir (ABC) is a generally well-tolerated NRTI. However, up to 5% of patients may develop hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) within the first weeks of treatment. The objectives of this study were to describe the side effects of ABC, to evaluate the incidence of the ABC-HSS, and to identify the risk factors of HSS after first exposure to ABC in a cohort of patients followed up in a university HIV clinic.

[Prescriptions of aerosol therapy. A survey of practices at the Besançon University Hospital].

Objective: Prescriptions of aerosol sprays concomitantly with other drugs can raise problems of incompatibility.

Methods: Medical practices in the clinical units of the Besançon University Hospital were analyzed to assess the therapeutic indications, the most frequently prescribed drugs, possible admixtures, the nature and volume of solvents used, drug protocols and type of aerosol therapy and nebulizer used. Sixty questionnaires were sent to all the units of the University Teaching Hospital of Besançon.

[Incomplete prescription: a potential medication error].

Objective: According to the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, an incomplete or imprecise medial order comprises a prescription error. Such errors have potential consequences in terms of mortality, morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and, finally, in health care expenditure. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of incomplete prescriptions observed in a university hospital setting and identify the causes of such imprecisions.

[Myocardial infarction treated within 4 hrs: comparison of the cost-benefit ratio of 3 thrombolytic treatments: APSAC, rt-PA and streptokinase in 270 patients].

Two hundred and seventy patients under 71 years of age with myocardial infarction less than 4 hours old, defined by clinical and electrocardiographic criteria, were included in this trial and followed up for 1 year: two groups of 89 and 92 patients were randomised to receive APSAC (30 mg i.v. over 5 minutes) or rt-PA (10 mg bolus + 5000 IU of heparin as a bolus, followed by 90 mg rt-PA over 3 hours) and compared with a control series of 89 consecutive patients treated with streptokinase (1.

Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic treatment for myocardial infarction: comparison of anistreplase, alteplase and streptokinase in 270 patients treated within 4 hours.

Two hundred and seventy patients, under 71 years of age and suffering from a less than 4 h infarction diagnosed according to clinical and electrocardiographic criteria, were included: two 90-patient groups were randomized and then treated with either anistreplase (30 mg iv over 5 min) or alteplase (10 mg bolus injection + 5000 IU heparin bolus injection, followed by 90 mg alteplase over 3 h), and compared with a consecutive control series of 90 patients treated with streptokinase (1.5 million U over 1 h). Intravenous heparin and aspirin (250 mg day-1) were then prescribed routinely.