Qualitative Research Leaders: Evaluation of Pilot Global Pipeline Program.

Qualitative research methods are central to understanding many public health problems. However, capacity building for qualitative research is globally skewed toward high-income countries, with a significant skills deficit in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this imbalance and provide a model program, we developed the Qualitative Research Leaders (QRL) program, a pipeline program to increase qualitative research capacity in LMIC institutions and foster leadership in qualitative research.

Congenital rubella syndrome, a case series.

Rubella, or German measles, is a vaccine-preventable disease. Rubella infection is usually mild; however, infection in pregnancy is associated with severe outcomes for the baby, including pregnancy loss or a combination of developmental defects called congenital rubella syndrome. Within the last ten-year period, two cases of congenital rubella syndrome in Saskatchewan were reported to the provincial ministry and the Public Health Agency of Canada of the newborns of mothers who had recently arrived from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Pulsed processing by cold plasma, applied to industrial emission control.

A promising pollution control technology is cold plasma driven chemical processing. The plasma is a pulsed electric gas discharge inside a near atmospheric-pressure-temperature reactor. The system is energized by a continuous stream of very short high-voltage pulses.

Understanding communication between patients and healthcare professionals regarding comprehensive biomarker testing in precision oncology: A scoping review.

Background: Precision oncology, using comprehensive biomarker testing (cBT) to inform individual cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, includes increasingly complex technology and clinical data sets. People impacted by cancer (patients and caregivers) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) face distinct challenges in navigating the cBT and personalized treatment landscape. This review summarizes evidence regarding cBT-related communication between people impacted by cancer and HCPs and identifies important avenues for future research in precision oncology.

Adapting and scaling a proven diabetes prevention program across 11 worksites in India: the INDIA-WORKS trial.

Background: Structured lifestyle change education reduces the burden of cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes. Delivery of these programs at worksites could overcome barriers to program adoption and improve program sustainability and reach; however, tailoring to the worksite setting is essential.

Methods: The Integrating Diabetes Prevention in Workplaces (INDIA-WORKS) study tested the implementation and effectiveness of a multi-level program for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk factors at 11 large and diverse worksites across India.

Tetanus in a vaccinated soil expert - a case report.

Background: Tetanus is a life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease found more commonly in tropical climates. It accounted for up to 60 deaths annually until the introduction of the tetanus toxoid. It is now rare in Canada by immunization.

Adapting and scaling a proven diabetes prevention program across 11 worksites in India: the INDIA-WORKS trial.

Background: Delivery of proven structured lifestyle change education for reducing the burden of cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes at worksites could overcome barriers to program adoption and improve sustainability and reach of these programs; however, tailoring to the worksite setting is essential.

Methods: The Integrating Diabetes Prevention in Workplaces (INDIA-WORKS) study tested the implementation and effectiveness of a multi-level program for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk factors at eleven large and diverse worksites across India. Herein, we describe and classify program adaptations reported during in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with worksite managers, program staff, peer educators involved in program delivery, and program participants and drop-outs.

Men's Use of Economic Coercion Against Women in Rural Bangladesh.

Objective: Bangladesh is historically a patriarchal society, but has made recent strides in increasing educational and economic opportunities for women. Yet men continue to perpetrate economic coercion and other forms of intimate partner violence against women in Bangladesh. This study examines how men in rural Bangladesh shape the economic activities of their wives within the context of changing norms around women's involvement in economic domains.

Psychological Impacts of Retained Bullets From the Perspective of Survivors.

Introduction: Despite a high prevalence of retained bullet fragments (RBFs) after firearm related injury (FRI) there is limited data on the full spectrum of their consequences, particularly the psychological impacts on those injured. Further, the experiences of FRI survivors with RBFs are missing from existing literature. The objective of this study was to explore the psychological impacts of RBFs on individuals who have experienced recent FRI.

Factors associated with postpartum contraception in Togo, West Africa.

The health benefits of postpartum contraception are well established. Using 2013/14 Togo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, we examine the association between contraceptive use among women who gave birth within 24 months of the DHS and four health service use indicators - antenatal care, institutional delivery, postpartum care, and immunization of the last child - in addition to socio-demographic factors. Factors associated with postpartum contraceptive use in Togo included having their last birth in a health facility, having a postnatal check within two months of birth, youngest child receiving the first diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, wanting to space children more than two years from last birth or not have more children, living outside the Savanes region, husband's desire for number of children agreeing with the woman's, and increasing breastfeeding duration.

Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests.

Objective: To review empirical studies that assess saturation in qualitative research in order to identify sample sizes for saturation, strategies used to assess saturation, and guidance we can draw from these studies.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of four databases to identify studies empirically assessing sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research, supplemented by searching citing articles and reference lists.

Results: We identified 23 articles that used empirical data (n = 17) or statistical modeling (n = 6) to assess saturation.

Vietnamese Men's Definitions of Intimate Partner Violence and Perceptions of Women's Recourse-Seeking.

The Vietnamese government has made efforts to promote gender equality and to discourage intimate partner violence (IPV), yet IPV remains a common experience for married women in Vietnam. IPV leads to severe injury, poor mental health, chronic disease, and substance abuse among women, yet little is known about why men perpetrate IPV. We explored how men defined IPV and perceived women's recourse-seeking following IPV in Vietnam.

The Influence of Organised Diffusion on Social Norms Change: Addressing Intimate Partner Violence in Nepal.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant global health issue. Organised diffusion has potential to influence changes in norms that perpetuate harmful practices by spreading anti-IPV messaging throughout social networks. The Change Starts at Home intervention in Nepal leverages radio programming and community mobilisation to address the perpetration of IPV.

HPV Vaccine Promotion: The church as an agent of change.

Vaccination to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and associated cancers has been recommended for use in the US since 2006; however, vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Many sociodemographic factors have been evaluated with regard to HPV vaccine uptake but there has been less focus on the role of religion and religiosity. Our qualitative case study aimed to identify community perceptions of HPV and HPV vaccination via seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with leaders and members of an African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church in metro-Atlanta, Georgia from April 2018 to July 2018.

Abortion attitudes, religious and moral beliefs, and pastoral care among Protestant religious leaders in Georgia.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore Protestant religious leaders' attitudes towards abortion and their strategies for pastoral care in Georgia, USA. Religious leaders may play an important role in providing sexual and reproductive health pastoral care given a long history of supporting healing and health promotion.

Methods: We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with Mainline and Black Protestant religious leaders on their attitudes toward abortion and how they provide pastoral care for abortion.

Tailoring lifestyle programmes for diabetes prevention for US South Asians.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of a culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) for US South Asians, a large population with high diabetes risk.

Design: The South Asian Health and Prevention Education (SHAPE) study included: (1) focus group discussions with South Asian adults to understand views of lifestyle behaviours and diabetes prevention; (2) modification of the US DPP for South Asians and (3) a pilot, pre-post study to test the feasibility and impact of delivering the culturally tailored programme.

Setting: The study was conducted in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The Co-Occurrence of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies or Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi.

Background: In low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals.

Objective: We described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors.

Methods: We analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey.

Repeated false reactive ADVIA centaur® and bio-rad Geenius™ HIV tests in a patient self-administering anabolic steroids.

Background: An individual is considered HIV positive when a confirmatory HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation test returns positive following an initial reactive antigen/antibody combination screen. Falsely reactive HIV screens have been reported in patients with various concomitant infectious and autoimmune conditions. Falsely positive confirmatory HIV differentiation assays are seen less frequently, but have been observed in cases of pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, and malaria.

Characteristics of Patients With Cancers: Results From the First Patient-Designed, Global, Pan-Cancer Data Repository.

Purpose: The discovery of driver oncogenes, such as , has led to the development of targeted therapies. Despite clinical advancements, gaps remain in our understanding of characteristics of patients with -positive () cancers. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess demographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics associated with cancers worldwide.

' : a case study of monitoring and evaluation of integrated family planning services in urban areas of Togo.

Integrating family planning into postabortion and postpartum services can increase contraceptive use and decrease maternal and child death; however, little information exists on the monitoring and evaluation of such programs. This article draws on research completed by the EngenderHealth's project in three urban areas of Togo on the extent to which monitoring and evaluation systems of health services, which operated within the project area in Togo, captured integrated family planning services. This mixed methods case study used 25 health facility assessments with health service record review in hospitals, large community clinics, a dispensary, and private clinics and 41 key informant interviews with health faculty, individuals working at reproductive health organizations, individuals involved in reproductive health policy and politics, health care workers, and health facility directors.

"I have no choice": Influences on Contraceptive Use and Abortion among Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

In 2015, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) recorded an estimated maternal mortality ratio of 693/100,000 live births. Strict abortion laws, high fertility rates, low contraceptive prevalence, and lack of emergency obstetric care all contribute to the high maternal mortality ratio. This study explored influences on contraceptive use and abortion in the DRC.

Integrating micronutrient status assessment into the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey: A qualitative evaluation.

Demand for national-level micronutrient status data continues to grow, yet little is known about the implementation of different approaches for collecting these data. We conducted an evaluation of the process of linking the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) and 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey (MNS). We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from the Malawi government and international agencies and field staff.