A registry-based comparative analysis of antibiotic usage reporting for adult cattle on Danish dairy farms.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, necessitating the monitoring of antimicrobial usage (AMU). However, there is a lack of consensus on the standardized collection and reporting of AMU data in the veterinary field. In Denmark, the Danish Cattle Database (DCDB) contains treatment information on animal level, which allows counting of number of treatments carried out, used daily doses (UDD).

Epidemiology and clinical features of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To synthesize the available epidemiologic data on short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA). This, in turn, might inform diagnostic work-up and clinical decision-making.

Methods: EMBASE and PubMed were searched for observational studies reporting on the prevalence or relative frequency of SUNHA or its individual clinical features.

Parallel activation of helicopter and ground transportation after dispatcher identification of suspected anterior large vessel occlusion stroke in rural areas: a proof-of-concept case with modeling from the LESTOR trial.

Background: When stroke patients with suspected anterior large vessel occlusion (aLVO) happen to live in rural areas, two main options exist for prehospital transport: (i) the drip-and-ship (DnS) strategy, which ensures rapid access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) at the nearest primary stroke center but requires time-consuming interhospital transfer for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) because the latter is only available at comprehensive stroke centers (CSC); and (ii) the mothership (MS) strategy, which entails direct transport to a CSC and allows for faster access to EVT but carries the risk of IVT being delayed or even the time window being missed completely. The use of a helicopter might shorten the transport time to the CSC in rural areas. However, if the aLVO stroke is only recognized by the emergency service on site, the helicopter must be requested in addition, which extends the prehospital time and partially negates the time advantage.

A Digital Sexual Health Education Web Application for Resource-Poor Regions in Kenya: Implementation-Oriented Case Study Using the Intercultural Research Model.

Background: Developing a digital educational application focused on sexual health education necessitates a framework that integrates cultural considerations effectively. Drawing from previous research, we identified the problem and essential requirements to incorporate cultural insights into the development of a solution.

Objective: This study aims to explore the Solution Room of the self-established Intercultural Research Model, with a focus on creating a reusable framework for developing and implementing a widely accessible digital educational tool for sexual health.

Feasibility Study on Menstrual Cycles With Fitbit Device (FEMFIT): Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Despite its importance to women's reproductive health and its impact on women's daily lives, the menstrual cycle, its regulation, and its impact on health remain poorly understood. As conventional clinical trials rely on infrequent in-person assessments, digital studies with wearable devices enable the collection of longitudinal subjective and objective measures.

Objective: The study aims to explore the technical feasibility of collecting combined wearable and digital questionnaire data and its potential for gaining biological insights into the menstrual cycle.

The non-paretic-hand-to-opposite-ear test: A simple test to detect aphasia and neglect and an indicator of large anterior vessel occlusion in patients with suspected acute stroke.

Introduction: Aphasia and neglect in combination with hemiparesis are reliable indicators of large anterior vessel occlusion (LAVO). Prehospital identification of these symptoms is generally considered difficult by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel. Therefore, we evaluated the simple non-paretic-hand-to-opposite-ear (NPE) test to identify aphasia and neglect with a single test.

Subject-specific finite element head models for skull fracture evaluation-a new tool in forensic pathology.

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) enables the creation of subject-specific 3D head models suitable for quantitative analysis such as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA of proposed traumatic events is an objective and repeatable numerical method for assessing whether an event could cause a skull fracture such as seen at autopsy. FEA of blunt force skull fracture in adults with subject-specific 3D models in forensic pathology remains uninvestigated.

Using registry data to identify individual dairy cows with abnormal patterns in routinely recorded somatic cell counts.

Data from the Danish milk recording system routinely enter the Danish Cattle Database, including somatic cell counts (SCC) for individual animals. Elevated SCC can signal intramammary inflammation, suggesting subclinical mastitis. Detecting mastitis is pivotal to limit severity, prevent pathogen spread, and target treatment or culling.

An acceptance analysis of a sexual health education digital tool in resource-poor regions of Kenya: an UTAUT based survey study.

Background: Unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are a concern in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in low-income areas. Access to sexual health information is limited, partly due to the absence of comprehensive sex education in the national school curriculum and social taboos. In response to these challenges, this study introduces a web-based prototype, designed to provide essential sexual health information, targeting 18 to 35-year-old Kenyans, focusing on contraception, menstruation, and female genital mutilation.

Creating an Intercultural User-Centric Design for a Digital Sexual Health Education App for Young Women in Resource-Poor Regions of Kenya: Qualitative Self-Extended Double Diamond Model for Requirements Engineering Analysis.

Background: The stigmatization around sexual health due to culture, religious traditions, and norms leads to myths and a lack of available information and resources related to universal access to sexual and reproductive health services. Additional sexual health education not being part of the Kenya school curriculum leads to insufficient access to knowledge about safe contraception, menstruation, and female genital mutilation. A digital app could support and provide education and information for universal equal access, addressing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, and 5.

Prediction of skull fractures in blunt force head traumas using finite element head models.

Traumatic head injuries remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although skull fractures are one of the most common head injuries, the fundamental mechanics of cranial bone and its impact tolerance are still uncertain. In the present study, a strain-rate-dependent material model for cranial bone has been proposed and implemented in subject-specific Finite Element (FE) head models in order to predict skull fractures in five real-world fall accidents.

Use of Danish National Somatic Cell Count Data to Assess the Need for Dry-Off Treatment in Holstein Dairy Cattle.

In Denmark, PCR testing of dairy cattle is commonly used to select animals for the antibacterial treatment of intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry-off period. IMI is associated with a high somatic cell count (SCC), routinely recorded for milk quality control for most commercial dairy herds. This study aimed to compare SCC curves over the lactation among dairy cows with positive vs.

Neural network for autonomous segmentation and volumetric assessment of clot and edema in acute and subacute intracerebral hemorrhages.

Introduction: Minimally-invasive surgical techniques for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation use imaging to guide the suction, lysing and/or drainage from the hemorrhage site via various designs. A previous international surgical study has shown that reduction of hematoma volume below 15 ml is indicative of improved long term patient outcomes. The study noted a need for tools to periodically visualize remaining clot during intervention to increase the likelihood of evacuating sufficient clot volumes without endangering rebleeds.

Instrumental Flirting: An Exploration of Charm in Decision-Making Groups.

The scholarship on flirting as a persuasive tactic in the workplace indicates that flirting can have negative consequences for task groups. The goal of this study was to extend the investigation of instrumental flirting by operationalizing this form of flirting as charm and by examining the consequences of charm in decision-making groups for the individual group members. In the current study, participants (60 women, 60 men) made decisions in four-person, mixed sex groups.

3D printed skulls in court - a benefit to stakeholders?

Forensic pathologists may use 3D prints as demonstrative aids when providing expert testimony in court of law, but the effects remain unclear despite many assumed benefits. In this qualitative study, the effects of using a 3D print, demonstrating a blunt force skull fracture, in court were explored by thematic analysis of interviews with judges, prosecutors, defence counsels, and forensic pathologists with the aim of improving the expert testimony. Five semi-structured focus groups and eight one-to-one interviews with a total of 29 stakeholders were transcribed ad verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Artificial Intelligence Bias in Health Care: Web-Based Survey.

Background: Resources are increasingly spent on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for medical applications aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. While the need for transparency and reduction of bias in data and algorithm development has been addressed in past studies, little is known about the knowledge and perception of bias among AI developers.

Objective: This study's objective was to survey AI specialists in health care to investigate developers' perceptions of bias in AI algorithms for health care applications and their awareness and use of preventative measures.

Going digital in Germany: An exploration of physicians' attitudes towards the introduction of electronic prescriptions - A mixed methods approach.

Purpose: Digitalization of medical prescriptions is a core element for the digitalization of healthcare. While some countries have introduced electronic prescriptions over 20 years ago and nearly reached 100 % penetration, physicians in Germany have only been able to use electronic prescriptions since mid-2021 and currently only 0.1 % of prescriptions are transmitted electronically.

The Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block combined with Local Infiltration Analgesia (LIA) compared to placebo and LIA in hip arthroplasty surgery: a multi-center double-blinded randomized-controlled trial.

Background: The PEricapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block is a novel regional analgesia technique that provides improved analgesia in patients undergoing hip surgery while preserving motor function. In this study the PENG block was investigated for analgesia in elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: In this multi-centre double-blinded randomized-controlled trial, in addition to spinal anesthesia and local infiltration analgesia (LIA), THA patients received either a PENG block or a sham block.

Amplified Ca dynamics and accelerated cell proliferation in breast cancer tissue during purinergic stimulation.

Intracellular Ca dynamics shape malignant behaviors of cancer cells. Whereas previous studies focused on cultured cancer cells, we here used breast organoids and colonic crypts freshly isolated from human and murine surgical biopsies. We performed fluorescence microscopy to evaluate intracellular Ca concentrations in breast and colon cancer tissue with preferential focus on intracellular Ca release in response to purinergic and cholinergic stimuli.

Congenital hydrocephalus in a trisomy 9p gained child: a case report.

Background: Hydrocephalus caused by excessive liquor production due to choroid plexus hyperplasia is a rare condition that may necessitate unusual treatment paradigms. It can be seen in trisomy 9p where coexisting congenital heart disease additionally may complicate the therapeutic approach as illustrated in the current case report.

Case Presentation: At 20 months of age, a Caucasian girl with trisomy 9 and family history of an older brother and twin sister having the same syndrome displayed sign of congenital hydrocephalus due to increasing head circumference.

Sensitivity and specificity of post-mortem computed tomography in skull fracture detection-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) has been increasingly used as routine examination in forensic pathology. No recent review of the growing number of papers on the ability of PMCT to detect skull fracture exists, and original papers report sensitivities from 0.85 to 1.

Fractures of the neuro-cranium: sensitivity and specificity of post-mortem computed tomography compared with autopsy.

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a routine tool in many forensic pathology departments as it is fast and non-destructive and allows less gruesome visualization than photographs, and the images are indefinitely storable. Several studies investigated congruence between PMCT and autopsy for skull fracture but registered only the presence or absence of fracture systems. The objective of this study was to determine location-specific sensitivity and specificity of PMCT for individual fracture lines in blunt force head trauma.

Impact of G-CSF Therapy on Leukopenia and Acute Rejection Following Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Leukopenia is a common problem after kidney transplantation. The therapeutic approach typically includes a reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy, which is associated with an increased risk of rejection and allograft loss. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used as a therapeutic option to raise the leukocyte blood count; however, the effect on acute rejections is controversial.

Translational deep phenotyping of deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic: protocol for a prospective observational autopsy study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is an international emergency with an extreme socioeconomic impact and a high mortality and disease burden. The COVID-19 outbreak is neither fully understood nor fully pictured. Autopsy studies can help understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and has already resulted in better treatment of patients.