Increasing anaerobic acetate consumption and ethanol yields in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with NADPH-specific alcohol dehydrogenase.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently been engineered to use acetate, a primary inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, as a cosubstrate during anaerobic ethanolic fermentation. However, the original metabolic pathway devised to convert acetate to ethanol uses NADH-specific acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase and quickly becomes constrained by limited NADH availability, even when glycerol formation is abolished. We present alcohol dehydrogenase as a novel target for anaerobic redox engineering of S.

Gene expression studies for the analysis of domoic acid production in the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries.

Background: Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries Hasle (Hasle) (Ps-n) is distinctive among the ecologically important marine diatoms because it produces the neurotoxin domoic acid. Although the biology of Ps-n has been investigated intensely, the characterization of the genes and biochemical pathways leading to domoic acid biosynthesis has been limited. To identify transcripts whose levels correlate with domoic acid production, we analyzed Ps-n under conditions of high and low domoic acid production by cDNA microarray technology and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) methods.

Rapamycin blocks hepatoblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo implicating new treatment options in high-risk patients.

Activation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway plays a central role in the formation of hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common liver cancer in childhood. Blocking this pathway with specific mTOR inhibitors such as the immunosuppressant rapamycin is being currently tested for a variety of cancers. Here, we report that rapamycin treatment induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and promoted apoptosis in HB cells in vitro.

Atomic pseudospin resonance.

A new type of resonance is discovered in Rydberg atoms placed in a constant magnetic field -->B and a transient electric field that rotates at the constant frequency -->omega in a plane perpendicular to -->B. The dynamics is explained in terms of two pseudoparticles with spin 1 / 2 in two generalized magnetic fields. The resonance frequency is predicted and found at -->omega = (e/2m)-->B, where -e/m is the electron's charge-to-(reduced)mass ratio.

[Significance of primary radical surgery for survival following treatment of breast cancer. Problems of interpretation of treatment results of prospective, nonrandomized studies exemplified by the Southwest Germany Breast Cancer Study].

In a prospective non-randomised trial 1642 patients were included. After a mean time of 10 years a follow-up analysis was performed. The importance of the radicality of the primary operative therapy of breast cancer should be evaluated.

[The value of radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy. 10-year results of the Heidelberg study].

Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 142 female patients with operable carcinoma of the breast. One of the two prospectively randomised groups received postoperative radiotherapy with 6000 rad. Survival rates were equal for both groups.

[Fascial closure of median laparotomies with a synthetic, resorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid)].

In a prospective randomized study polyglycolic acid sutures (PGA) and polyester sutures for closure of median abdominal fascial incisions are compared. Occurrence of infection, incisional hernia, wound dehiscence and suture fistulas is evaluated. With regard to these complications no significant differences could be detected.

[The epidemiology of breast neoplasms].

In an epidemiologic study the risks of breast cancer were assessed. An evaluation of the distribution of different tumor stages revealed that more information, in a larger sense more civilization, workship and the life in town makes women more curious and brings them to go sooner to the doctor. A lack of information correlates with more advanced stage of tumor.

[Breast cancer: postoperative care (author's transl)].

Sixty percent of breast cancer patients show postoperative morbidity due to local recurrence or metastases. For these women and those who suffer from therapy-dependent somatic or psychologic disorders, organized postoperative care is necessary. Mode of action and organization of the Heidelberg postoperative care unit are described.

[Anti-oestrogen treatment of metastasising carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].

Within a period of four years 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen. One third had objective remissions, average duration of complete remission being 30.6 months and of partial remission 13.

Efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication.

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents. Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1-2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body.

[Histological findings after transabdominal ligation-resection of the esophagus ad modum boerema (author's transl)].

The esophagus was histologically studied in ten patients, who died after transabdominal ligation-resection of the esophagus ad modum Boerema because of bleeding esophageal varices. The patients had survived the operation for various periods of time. The questioning was, if with this operation with a higher incidence of parietal leakage following mediastinitis and peritonitis has to be calculated.