Focal Septic Arthritis Elicits Age and TLR2-Dependent Periarticular Bone Loss.

Introduction: Septic arthritis, primarily caused by (), is a severe joint infection that leads to joint and bone damage. lipoproteins (LPPs) bind to Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2), inducing arthritis and localized bone loss. Aging affects TLR2 immune response to pathogens.

Phosphoproteomic analysis of distylous Turnera subulata identifies pathways related to endoreduplication that correlate with reciprocal herkogamy.

Premise: A multi-omic approach was used to explore proteins and networks hypothetically important for establishing filament dimorphisms in heterostylous Turnera subulata (Sm.) as an exploratory method to identify genes for future empirical research.

Methods: Mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins and differentially phosphorylated peptides in the developing filaments between the L- and S-morphs.

Expressive rule-based modeling and fast simulation for dynamic compartments.

Compartmentalization is vital for cell biological processes. The field of rule-based stochastic simulation has acknowledged this, and many tools and methods have capabilities for compartmentalization. However, mostly, this is limited to a static compartmental hierarchy and does not integrate compartmental changes.

GREM2 inactivation increases trabecular bone mass in mice.

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease affecting millions of individuals world-wide, with an increased risk of fracture, and a decreased quality of life. Despite its well-known consequences, the etiology of osteoporosis and optimal treatment methods are not fully understood. Human genetic studies have identified genetic variants within the FMN2/GREM2 locus to be associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and vertebral and forearm fractures, but not with cortical bone parameters.

Vitamin A enhanced periosteal osteoclastogenesis is associated with increased number of tissue-derived macrophages/osteoclast progenitors.

A deleterious effect of elevated levels of vitamin A on bone health has been reported in clinical studies. Mechanistic studies in rodents have shown that numbers of periosteal osteoclasts are increased, while endocortical osteoclasts are simultaneously decreased by vitamin A treatment. The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, on periosteal osteoclast progenitors.

Toll-like receptor-2 induced inflammation causes local bone formation and activates canonical Wnt signaling.

It is well established that inflammatory processes in the vicinity of bone often induce osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Effects of inflammatory processes on bone formation are less studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of locally induced inflammation on bone formation.

A-Si/SiO nanolaminates for tuning the complex refractive index and band gap in optical interference coatings.

A- / nanolaminates are deposited by magnetron sputtering and show a decreasing absorption when the a-Si single-layer thickness is reduced from 2.4 to 0.7 .

The novel cytotoxic polybisphosphonate osteodex decreases bone resorption by enhancing cell death of mature osteoclasts without affecting osteoclastogenesis of RANKL-stimulated mouse bone marrow macrophages.

It has previously been demonstrated that the polybisphosphonate osteodex (ODX) inhibits bone resorption in organ-cultured mouse calvarial bone. In this study, we further investigate the effects by ODX on osteoclast differentiation, formation, and function in several different bone organ and cell cultures. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) was used for comparison.

Calmodulin-Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Interacts with the 14-3-3-like Protein NtGF14 to Modulate Pollen Tube Growth.

Calcium-mediated signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the polar growth of pollen tubes. The calcium-dependent protein kinase, PiCDPK1, has been shown to be involved in regulating this process through interaction with a guanine dissociation inhibitor, PiRhoGDI1. To more fully understand the role of PiCDPK1 in pollen tube extension, we designed a pull-down study to identify additional substrates of this kinase.

Tailoring of magnetism & electron transport of manganate thin films by controlling the Mn-O-Mn bond angles via strain engineering.

Strain engineering beyond substrate limitation of colossal magnetoresistant thin (LaPr)CaMnO (LPCMO) films on LaAlO-buffered SrTiO (LAO/STO) substrates has been demonstrated using metalorganic aerosol deposition technique. By growing partially relaxed 7-27 nm thick heteroepitaxial LAO buffer layers on STO a perfect lattice matching to the LPCMO has been achieved. As a result, strain-free heteroepitaxial 10-20 nm thick LPCMO/LAO/STO films with bulk-like ferromagnetic metallic ground state were obtained.

An atlas of genetic determinants of forearm fracture.

Osteoporotic fracture is among the most common and costly of diseases. While reasonably heritable, its genetic determinants have remained elusive. Forearm fractures are the most common clinically recognized osteoporotic fractures with a relatively high heritability.

Osteoprotective effect by interleukin-4 (IL-4) on lipoprotein-induced periodontitis.

Lipoproteins are immunostimulatory bacterial components suggested to participate in inflammation-induced bone loss in periodontal disease through stimulation of osteoclast differentiation. Toll-like receptor 2 activation by Pam2CSK4 (PAM2), known to mimic bacterial lipoproteins, was previously shown to enhance periodontal bone resorption in mice. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a known inhibitor of RANKL-induced bone resorption in vitro.

Implications of different membrane compartmentalization models in particle-based studies.

Studying membrane dynamics is important to understand the cellular response to environmental stimuli. A decisive spatial characteristic of the plasma membrane is its compartmental structure created by the actin-based membrane-skeleton (fences) and anchored transmembrane proteins (pickets). Particle-based reaction-diffusion simulation of the membrane offers a suitable temporal and spatial resolution to analyse its spatially heterogeneous and stochastic dynamics.

Fabrication of Single-Crystalline CoCrFeNi Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering: A Route to Surface Studies of High-Entropy Alloys.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with their almost limitless number of possible compositions have raised widespread attention in material science. Next to wear and corrosion resistive coatings, their application as tunable electrocatalysts has recently moved into the focus. On the other hand, fundamental properties of HEA surfaces like atomic and electronic structure, surface segregation and diffusion as well as adsorption on HEA surfaces are barely explored.

Membrane estrogen receptor α signaling modulates the sensitivity to estradiol treatment in a dose- and tissue- dependent manner.

Estradiol (E2) affects both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, and the sensitivity to different doses of E2 varies between tissues. Membrane estrogen receptor α (mERα)-initiated signaling plays a tissue-specific role in mediating E2 effects, however, it is unclear if mERα signaling modulates E2 sensitivity. To determine this, we treated ovariectomized C451A females, lacking mERα signaling, and wildtype (WT) littermates with physiological (0.

Bazedoxifene does not share estrogens effects on IgG sialylation.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases at the same time as menopause when estrogen level decreases. Estrogen treatment is known to reduce the IgG pathogenicity by increasing the sialylation grade on the terminal glycan chain of the Fc domain, inhibiting the binding ability to the Fc gamma receptor. Therefore, treatment with estrogen may be beneficial in pre-RA patients who have autoantibodies and are prone to get an autoimmune disease.

Improving optical thickness monitoring by including systematic and process-influenced transmittance deviations.

During optical monitoring using broadband transmittance measurement, the accuracy depends on how both the substrate and the optical path are aligned. We present a correction procedure to improve the accuracy of the monitoring, even if the substrate has features such as absorption or if there is misalignment of the optical path. The substrate in this case can either be a test glass or a product.

Physical Therapist Management of Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association.

A clinical practice guideline on glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis was developed by an American Physical Therapy Association volunteer guideline development group that consisted of physical therapists, an occupational therapist, and a physician. The guideline was based on systematic reviews of current scientific and clinical information and accepted approaches for physical therapist management of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis. This clinical practice guideline is available in Spanish; see Supplementary Appendix 8.

Experience with "Select Crowd Review" in Peer Review for The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon: 1-Year Experience.

Objective: To evaluate the experience with a new peer review method, "Select Crowd Review" (SCR): anonymized PDFs of manuscripts are accessible to a reviewer crowd via an online platform. It has access for 10 days to enter anonymized comments directly into the manuscript. A SCR-Editor summarizes the annotations, giving a recommendation.

B4GALNT3 regulates glycosylation of sclerostin and bone mass.

Background: Global sclerostin inhibition reduces fracture risk efficiently but has been associated with cardiovascular side effects. The strongest genetic signal for circulating sclerostin is in the B4GALNT3 gene region, but the causal gene is unknown. B4GALNT3 expresses the enzyme beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 that transfers N-acetylgalactosamine onto N-acetylglucosaminebeta-benzyl on protein epitopes (LDN-glycosylation).

The Effect of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Hyperextension on Thumb Axial Load and Lateral Pinch Force in a Cadaver Model of Thumb Trapeziectomy and Flexor Carpi Radialis Suspensionplasty.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate, in a cadaver model, the effect of increasing thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint hyperextension on thumb axial load and key pinch force after thumb trapeziectomy and flexor carpi radialis suspensionplasty. We developed a cadaveric model to test whether thumb MCP joint hyperextension after trapeziectomy would have a negative effect on key pinch force and increase loads across a reconstructed thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.

Methods: We created a cadaveric biomechanical model that varied thumb MCP joint hyperextension while measuring thumb CMC axial and key pinch force under standardized loads.

Annotation of the (Passifloraceae) Draft Genome Reveals the -Locus Evolved after the Divergence of Turneroideae from Passifloroideae in a Stepwise Manner.

A majority of species (Passifloraceae) exhibit distyly, a reproductive system involving both self-incompatibility and reciprocal herkogamy. This system differs from self-incompatibility in species. The genetic basis of distyly in is a supergene, restricted to the -morph, and containing three -genes.

Phosphorylation of S122 in ERα is important for the skeletal response to estrogen treatment in male mice.

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling has beneficial skeletal effects in males. ERα signaling also affects other tissues, and to find bone-specific treatments, more knowledge regarding tissue-specific ERα signaling is needed. ERα is subjected to posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, which can influence ERα function in a tissue-specific manner.