FRET Probe System for Multiplex qPCR Detection of Species.

Background: Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis refers to some methods with known limitations. Molecular diagnostics using specific nucleic acid probes may overcome some of these limitations.

Methods: We describe the novel reporter fluorescence real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probe system for detection of species.

Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the turnover (4-hydroxylation and N-dechloroethylation) of ifosfamide in a total of 25 human liver microsomal preparations in which the codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide as well as the calculation of free and protein-bound acrolein was carried out for the first time.

Methods: The 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide was estimated by using acrolein (free and protein-bound) and a newly developed procedure involving the codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide (LC/MS). The ifosfamide N-dechloroethylation was determined as the sum of 2- and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide (LC/MS).