Survival of periodontal ligament myofibroblasts after short-term mechanical strain in rats and in vitro: Could myofibroblasts contribute to orthodontic relapse?

Objectives: To investigate in vivo whether myofibroblasts formed in the PDL after exposure to short-term high experimental orthodontic forces in rats survive. To study in vitro whether human PDL fibroblasts can differentiate into myofibroblasts and survive when chemical or mechanical stimuli are removed.

Design: Nine 6-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this experiment.

Measurement and assessment of grief in a large international sample.

Background: In 2022, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and an update of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5 TR) were released for implementation worldwide and now include the new Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The newest definition of PGD is based on robust clinical research from the Global North yet until now has not been tested for global applicability.

Methods: The current study assesses the new PGD ICD-11 criteria in a large international sample of 1393 bereaved adults.

Demonstrating Compliance with Stringent Nitrogen Limits Using a Biological Nutrient Removal Process in California's Central Valley.

The Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District (District) must be compliant with stringent nitrogen limits by 2021 that the existing treatment facilities cannot meet. An 11-month pilot study was conducted to confirm that these limits could be met with an air activated sludge biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. The pilot BNR treated an average flow of 946 m(3)/d and demonstrated that it could reliably meet the ammonia limit, but that external carbon addition may be necessary to satisfy the nitrate limit.

Process Performance of Secondary Effluent Granular Media Filtration with and without Preozonation.

A 10-month pilot study compared the performance of conventional granular media filtration (CGMF) with granular media filtration with preozonation (OGMF) to determine the effects of preozonation on filter performance. Filtration recoveries were lower for OGMF compared to CMGF when operated at a loading rate of 18.3 m/h.

Local variations in turnover of periodontal collagen fibers in rats.

Background And Objective: The exact cause of orthodontic relapse is still unclear, although it is often suggested to be caused by periodontal collagen fibers. We hypothesize that long-lived collagen fibers in the periodontium cause relapse. The aim was to determine the half-life of periodontal collagen fibers around rat molars.

Mechanobiology of tooth movement.

This review describes the mechanical and biological signalling pathways during orthodontic tooth movement and provides an update of the current literature. A theoretical model is introduced to elucidate the complex cascade of events after the application of an orthodontic force to a tooth. In this model, the events are divided into four stages: matrix strain and fluid flow, cell strain, cell activation and differentiation, and remodelling.

Relaxin stimulates MMP-2 and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by human periodontal ligament cells.

The main cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) are the fibroblasts, which play an important role in periodontal remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are largely responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins in the PDL. Previous studies have indicated that MMP production can be stimulated by the hormone relaxin.

CMT-3 inhibits orthodontic tooth displacement in the rat.

Objective: Orthodontic tooth movement requires extensive remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone. Osteoclasts resorb bone, allowing teeth to migrate in the direction of the force. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are able to degrade the extracellular matrix of the periodontal tissues.