Effects of aerobic exercise on hippocampal formation volume in people with schizophrenia - a systematic review and meta-analysis with original data from a randomized-controlled trial.

Background: The hippocampal formation represents a key region in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Aerobic exercise poses a promising add-on treatment to potentially counteract structural impairments of the hippocampal formation and associated symptomatic burden. However, current evidence regarding exercise effects on the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia is largely heterogeneous.

Prospects of Improving Efficiency and Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells by Alumina Ultrathin Films.

Over the last few years, the influence of low temperature (≤80 °C) and, in particular, of room temperature, atomic layer deposited alumina (ALD-AlO) on the properties of the underlying hybrid perovskites of different compositions and on the efficiency and stability of the corresponding perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is extensively investigated. The main conclusion is that most probably thanks to the presence of intrinsic defect states in the ALD-AlO and in the perovskite layers, charge transfer and neutralization are possible and the entire lifetime of the PSCs is thus improved. Moreover, the migration of mobile ions between the layers is blocked by the ALD-AlO layer and thus the occurrence of hysteresis in the current density-voltage characteristics of the PSCs is suppressed.

Large Complex Odontoma in the Angulus Mandibulae - Intraoral Enucleation as an Alternative to Mandibular Continuity Resection.

Background: Odontomas are among the most common odontogenic tumors and are generally considered as hamartomatous odontogenic lesions. These tumors can be histopathologically divided into complex odontomas and compound odontomas based on their composition. Odontomas show a slow growing behavior and typically lack characteristic symptoms.

The "Lumpy Jaw" Disease-Treatment and Diagnostical Challenge of Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis.

Background: Osteomyelitis is a serious entity that can occur in many different locations. Especially in the mandible, osteomyelitis can show different clinical courses, which differ clearly from other anatomical regions in terms of severity and treatment. Osteomyelitis in the mandible is often caused by mixed species of the oral cavity.

Predictors of adherence to exercise interventions in people with schizophrenia.

Exercise interventions are nowadays considered as effective add-on treatments in people with schizophrenia but are usually associated with high dropout rates. Therefore, the present study investigated potential predictors of adherence from a large multicenter study, encompassing two types of exercise training, conducted over a 6-month period with individuals with schizophrenia. First, we examined the role of multiple participants' characteristics, including levels of functioning, symptom severity, cognitive performance, quality of life, and physical fitness.

Risk factor analysis for perioperative complications in impacted third molar surgery - a single center experience.

Background: The surgical removal of impacted third molars is usually carried out by an oral/maxillofacial surgeon. Two specific risks of surgical removal of impacted third molars are oroantral communication (OAC) when extracting ​​upper third molars and hypesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) ​​when extracting lower third molars. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of complications in deeply impacted third molar surgery, to identify specific risk factors influencing the most common perioperative (OAC, IAN hypesthesia) and to compare these results with other studies.

Temporalis Flap for Soft Palate Reconstruction - More than an Alternative for Patients Unsuitable for Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery.

Background/aim: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity for operable patients usually consists of surgical tumor resection, unilateral or bilateral neck dissection and defect reconstruction. In addition to local flaps, multiple, particularly microsurgical, distant flaps have been developed, which are mainly considered state of the art reconstruction. However, depending on previous operations and individual patient factors, microsurgical reconstruction is sometimes not suitable.

Design, simulation and experimental analysis of a monolithic bending section for enhanced maneuverability of single use laparoscopic devices.

Standard laparoscopes, which are widely used in minimally invasive surgery, have significant handling limitations due to their rigid design. This paper presents an approach for a bending section for laparoscopes based on a standard semi-finished tube made of Nitinol with laser-cut flexure hinges. Flexure hinges simply created from a semi-finished product are a key element for realizing low-cost compliant structures with minimal design space.

Drugs in dental biofilm and enamel - A pilot study.

Objective: Enamel and dental biofilm might serve as alternative matrices for determination of illicit and medical drugs. Thus, this study aims at evaluating possible correlations between detected drug concentrations in the matrices and simulated drug use in situ.

Design: Eleven subjects wore intraoral splints with embedded demineralized bovine enamel samples.

Distribution and impaction patterns of third molars in a sample of German population: Retrospective analysis in a high turnover maxillofacial department.

Background: The surgical removal of impacted third molars is considered a routine procedure for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. However, the distribution of impacted molars varies among different populations. A study into impaction patterns in the German population is currently not described.

Exercise as an add-on treatment in individuals with schizophrenia: Results from a large multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Current treatment methods do not achieve recovery for most individuals with schizophrenia, and symptoms such as negative symptoms and cognitive deficits often persist. Aerobic endurance training has been suggested as a potential add-on treatment targeting both physical and mental health. We performed a large-scale multicenter, rater-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial in individuals with stable schizophrenia.

Septic Cervicofacial Phlegmon Following Basal Cell Carcinoma Excision: Life-threatening Complication of Routine Operation in Maxillofacial Surgery?

Background/aim: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a frequent tumor entity, especially in the facial region. The standard therapy for BCC is surgical tumor excision which is generally a low-risk procedure. One of the life-threatening surgical risks and complications when removing BCC in the facial area is infection with the possibility to spread across the deep neck spaces as well as systemic inflammation (sepsis).

Effects of Exercise on Structural and Functional Brain Patterns in Schizophrenia-Data From a Multicenter Randomized-Controlled Study.

Background And Hypothesis: Aerobic exercise interventions in people with schizophrenia have been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes, but findings regarding the underlying neural mechanisms are limited and mainly focus on the hippocampal formation. Therefore, we conducted a global exploratory analysis of structural and functional neural adaptations after exercise and explored their clinical implications.

Study Design: In this randomized controlled trial, structural and functional MRI data were available for 91 patients with schizophrenia who performed either aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometer or underwent a flexibility, strengthening, and balance training as control group.

Step away from depression-results from a multicenter randomized clinical trial with a pedometer intervention during and after inpatient treatment of depression.

Evidence for the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of depression prevails for outpatients with mild and moderate symptom levels. For inpatient treatment of severe depression, evidence-based effectiveness exists only for structured and supervised group PA interventions. The Step Away from Depression (SAD) study investigated the effectiveness of an individual pedometer intervention (PI) combined with an activity diary added to inpatient treatment as usual (TAU).

Treatment Challenges in Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Patients With MRONJ - The Nasolabial Flap.

Background/aim: Antiresorptive drugs (e.g., bisphosphonates, denosumab) are crucial in the treatment of oncological diseases.

Subacute Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of the Mandible - An Underreported Disease?

Background/aim: Cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare entity. The manifestation of this disease in the context of osteomyelitis in the mandible is even rarer.

Case Report: This case report describes a 70-year-old female with a painful swelling in the left mandible.

Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis Caused by an Aspergilloma in the Context of Inadequately Treated Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Background/aim: The prevalence of chronic sinusitis (CS) in Europe is greater than 10%. The causes of CS are diverse. In some cases, dental treatment in the maxilla as well as fungal infection, such as aspergilloma, can lead to CS.

Giant Cell Angiofibroma in the Buccal Mucosa - A Rising Entity?

Background: Tumors of the oral cavity must be differentiated into benign and malignant. Rare tumors must also be considered throughout the differential diagnosis when dealing with pathologic changes in the oral mucosa. Examples of rare benign tumors within the oral cavity are solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs).

Fulminant Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus - A Rare Finding: Case Report.

Background: The most common malignant tumor of the small salivary glands in the head and neck region is adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACK). The most common localization of ACK is the hard palate. ACK does not show any sex predisposition and is mainly diagnosed in middle-aged patients.

Metastasis of a Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Mandible: A Case Report.

Background/aim: The solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm and belongs to the group of soft tissue sarcomas. The SFT is characterized by indolent, slowly progressive growth and manifests itself clinically by compression of neighboring structures. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the tumor.