ProcCluster and procaine hydrochloride inhibit the replication of influenza A virus .

Introduction: Treatment of influenza A virus infections is currently limited to few direct acting antiviral substances. Repurposing other established pharmaceuticals as antivirals could aid in improving treatment options.

Methods: This study investigates the antiviral properties of ProcCluster and procaine hydrochloride, two derivatives of the local anesthetic procaine, in influenza A virus infection of A549, Calu-3 and MDCK cells.

Interlaboratory comparison of centrifugal ultrafiltration with ICP-MS detection in a first-step towards methods to screen for nanomaterial release during certification of drinking water contact materials.

A key requirement for evaluating the safety of nano-enabled water treatment devices is measuring concentrations of insoluble nanomaterials released from devices into water that may be ingested by consumers. Therefore, there is a need for simple technique that uses commonly available commercial laboratory techniques to discriminate between nanoparticles and dissolved by-products of the nanomaterial (e.g.

Reporting and reproducibility: Proteomics of fish models in environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology.

Environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology research efforts are employing proteomics with fish models as New Approach Methodologies, along with in silico, in vitro and other omics techniques to elucidate hazards of toxicants and toxins. We performed a critical review of toxicology studies with fish models using proteomics and reported fundamental parameters across experimental design, sample preparation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics of fish, which represent alternative vertebrate models in environmental toxicology, and routinely studied animals in ecotoxicology. We observed inconsistencies in reporting and methodologies among experimental designs, sample preparations, data acquisitions and bioinformatics, which can affect reproducibility of experimental results.

AMPK protects endothelial cells against HSV-1 replication via inhibition of mTORC1 and ACC1.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread contagious pathogen, mostly causing mild symptoms on the mucosal entry side. However, systemic distribution, in particular upon reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised patients, may trigger an innate immune response and induce damage of organs. In these conditions, HSV-1 may infect vascular endothelial cells, but little is known about the regulation of HSV-1 replication and possible defense mechanisms in these cells.

Small bowel obstruction secondary to metastatic urothelial bladder cancer.

Small bowel obstruction secondary to primary cancer, such as carcinoid and adenocarcinoma, is not unusual. Less frequently, hematological metastasis from breast, lung, and melanoma can occur. However, metastasis from urothelial bladder carcinoma is extremely rare.

Experimental arena size alters larval zebrafish photolocomotor behaviors and influences bioactivity responses to a model neurostimulant.

Zebrafish behavior is increasingly common in biomedical and environmental studies of chemical bioactivity. Multiple experimental arena sizes have been used to measure photolocomotion in zebrafish depending on age, endpoints observed, and instrumentation, among other factors. However, the extent to which methodological parameters may influence naïve behavioral performance and detection of behavioral changes is poorly understood.

Impact of COVID-19 on delivery of oncology services in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study of community health workers and patients undergoing cancer treatment at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre.

Objective: To ascertain how the COVID-19 pandemic was perceived by oncology patients and community health workers (CHWs) and whether this contributed to disruptions in cancer care.

Design: Cross-sectional study using (1) structured telephone interviews with patients and (2) structured questionnaires completed by CHWs.

Setting: Outpatient and community care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre's Cancer Care Centre (KCMCCCC), Northern Tanzania.

Physiological Impacts on Raphidocelis subcapitata in Response to Lithiated Cobalt Oxide Nanomaterials.

Complex metal oxide nanomaterials, like lithiated cobalt oxide (LCO) nanosheets, are among the most widespread classes of nanomaterials on the market. Their ubiquitous application in battery storage technology drives their production to rates of environmental significance without sufficient infrastructure for proper disposal/recycling, thus posing a risk to ecosystem health and sustainability. The present study assesses the general toxicological impacts of LCO when exposed to Raphidocelis subcapitata; physiological endpoints relating to growth and energy production are considered.

International cooperation to fight cancer's late-stage presentation in low- and middle-income countries.

Cancer is becoming a massive public health burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). 70% of all cancer deaths globally are attributed to LMIC while the incidence proportion is below 60%. The main reason for the higher mortality rate is "late-stage presentation" of patients with stage III or IV diseases when being diagnosed.

Comparison of Two Estrogen Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression Cell Bioassays to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Quantifying Estrone in Water Samples.

Chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) cell bioassays are popular tools for assessing endocrine activity of chemicals such as certain environmental contaminants. Although activity equivalents can be obtained from CALUX analysis, directly comparing these equivalents to those obtained from analytical chemistry methods can be problematic because of the complexity of endocrine active pathways. We explored the suitability of two estrogen CALUX bioassays (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-approved VM7Luc4E2 cell bioassay and the VM7LucERβc9 cell bioassay) for quantitation of estrogen.

Autonomic Dysfunction and Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, acts to maintain homeostasis in the body through autonomic influences on the smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, blood vessels, glands and organs of the body. The parasympathetic nervous system interacts via the cranial and sacral segments of the central nervous system, and the sympathetic nervous system arises from the T1-L2 spinal cord segments. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influence on the ANS is disrupted, leading to sympathetic blunting and parasympathetic dominance resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious respiratory secretions and uncontrolled bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction.

Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Wastewater of Two Counties in Texas, United States.

After its emergence in late November/December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread globally. Recognizing that this virus is shed in feces of individuals and that viral RNA is detectable in wastewater, testing for SARS-CoV-2 in sewage collections systems has allowed for the monitoring of a community's viral burden. Over a 9 month period, the influents of two regional wastewater treatment facilities were concurrently examined for wild-type SARS-CoV-2 along with variants B.

Spasticity Management after Spinal Cord Injury: The Here and Now.

Spasticity is a common comorbidity of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is characterized by velocity dependent tone and spasms manifested by uninhibited reflex activity of muscles below the level of injury. For some, spasticity can be beneficial and facilitate functional standing, transfers, and some activities of daily living. For others, it may be problematic, painful, and interfere with mobility and function.

COVID-19 and Domestic Violence: Economics or Isolation?

Recent studies estimate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increases reports of domestic violence in several countries. Using mobile device tracking data, city-level unemployment data, and new data on labor market conditions caused by the coronavirus pandemic, we isolate the effects of unemployment and staying at home on incidents of domestic violence. We find that unemployment decreases domestic violence after controlling for the degree to which people stay at home.

STAT1 N-terminal domain discriminatively controls type I and type II IFN signaling.

The seven signal transducers of transcription (STATs) are cytokine-inducible modular transcription factors. They transmit the stimulation of cells with type I interferons (IFN-α/IFN-β) and type II interferon (IFN-ɣ) into altered gene expression patterns. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of STAT1 is a surface for STAT1/STAT1 homodimer and STAT1/STAT2 heterodimer formation and allows the cooperative DNA binding of STAT1.

Performance of the RT-LAMP-based eazyplex® SARS-CoV-2 as a novel rapid diagnostic test.

Background: Diagnostic assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that are easy to perform and produce fast results are essential for timely decision making regarding the isolation of contagious individuals.

Objective: We evaluated the CE-approved eazyplex® SARS-CoV-2, a ready-to-use real time RT-LAMP assay for identification of the SARS-CoV-2 N and ORF8 genes from swabs in less than 30 min without RNA extraction.

Study Design: Oropharyngeal and nasal swabs from 100 positive and 50 negative patients were inoculated into 0.

Early postmortem mapping of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with COVID-19 and the correlation with tissue damage.

Clinical observations indicate that COVID-19 is a systemic disease. An investigation of the viral distribution within the human body and its correlation with tissue damage can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a detailed mapping of the viral RNA in 61 tissues and organs of 11 deceased patients with COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 causes severe epithelial inflammation and barrier dysfunction.

Infections with SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, but they can also be accompanied by a variety of symptoms that result in mild to severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and are sometimes associated with systemic symptoms. Although the viral infection originates in the respiratory system, it is unclear how the virus can overcome the alveolar barrier, which is observed in severe COVID-19 disease courses. To elucidate the viral effects on the barrier integrity and immune reactions, we used mono-cell culture systems and a complex human chip model composed of epithelial, endothelial, and mononuclear cells.

Tanzanian women´s knowledge about Cervical Cancer and HPV and their prevalence of positive VIA cervical screening results. Data from a Prevention and Awareness Campaign in Northern Tanzania, 2017 - 2019.

: 14.9 million women (≥15 years) in Tanzania are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Limited cancer care facilities, prevention programs and sparse knowledge among community members and healthcare workers contribute to late-stage presentation leading to a high mortality rate.

COVID-19, staying at home, and domestic violence.

We analyze how staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the rates of domestic violence in the U.S. Using police dispatch and crime data from 36 police and sheriff's departments and mobile device tracking data, we find that reported incidents of domestic violence increase as more people stay at home.

The PP2A subunit PR130 is a key regulator of cell development and oncogenic transformation.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase. This enzyme is involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Remarkably, PP2A can act as a context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter.

Sperm viability varies with buffer and genotype in .

Sperm quality, an important male fitness trait, is commonly compared between studies. However, few studies consider how genetic and environmental variation affect sperm quality, even in the genetic model . Here we show that sperm viability, the proportion of live sperm, differed across the genotypes Oregon-R, Dahomey, and Canton-S by more than 15%, and across buffers (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Grace's Medium and Ringer solution) by more than 20%.

Use of the variplex™ SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP as a rapid molecular assay to complement RT-PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis.

Background: Molecular assays based on reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) may be useful for rapid diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of the easy performance and the option to bypass RNA extraction.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical performance of the CE-labeled variplexTM real time SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assay in comparison to commercial RT-PCRs.

Study Design: RNA extracted from pharyngeal swabs was tested by variplex™ RT-LAMP and Corman's LightMix™ E gene RT-PCR as reference.

Systematic microsatellite repeat expansion cloning and validation.

Approximately 3% of the human genome is composed of short tandem repeat (STR) DNA sequence known as microsatellites, which can be found in both coding and non-coding regions. When associated with genic regions, expansion of microsatellite repeats beyond a critical threshold causes dozens of neurological repeat expansion disorders. To better understand the molecular pathology of repeat expansion disorders, precise cloning of microsatellite repeat sequence and expansion size is highly valuable.

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in HSV-1-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Infections with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are common and widespread. Most infections remain undetected but severe forms may develop in newborns and in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, HSV-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which may include viral infection of the endothelium.