Functional and oncological outcomes of salvage cryosurgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage cryosurgery (SCS) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (rrPCa).

Patients And Methods: A total of 169 consecutive patients with biopsy confirmed rrPCa were retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent SCS in a single referral centre between 2006 and 2018.

Value of Serial Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Biopsies in Men with Low-risk Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance After 1 Yr Follow-up.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) aims to reduce overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer (PC). Incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and MR-guided biopsy (MRGB) in an AS protocol might contribute to more accurate identification of AS candidates.

Objective: To evaluate the value of 3T mp-MRI and MRGB in PC patients on AS at inclusion and after 12-mo follow-up.

The AVOCAT study: Bicalutamide monotherapy versus combined bicalutamide plus dutasteride therapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the prostate-a long-term follow-up comparison and quality of life analysis.

Purpose: Compare the efficacy and tolerability of dutasteride in combination with bicalutamide to bicalutamide monotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: One-hundred-fifty PCa patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either bicalutamide monotherapy 150 mg once daily (79 patients) or bicalutamide 150 mg plus dutasteride 0.5 mg once daily (71 patients).

Detection of High-grade Prostate Cancer Using a Urinary Molecular Biomarker-Based Risk Score.

Background: To reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment, a test is urgently needed to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa).

Objective: To develop a multimodal model, incorporating previously identified messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers and traditional risk factors that could be used to identify patients with high-grade PCa (Gleason score ≥7) on prostate biopsy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In two prospective multicenter studies, urine was collected for mRNA profiling after digital rectal examination (DRE) and prior to prostate biopsy.

Does a decision aid for prostate cancer affect different aspects of decisional regret, assessed with new regret scales? A randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: To develop and validate new regret scales and examine whether a decision aid affects different aspects of regret in the treatment choice for prostate cancer.

Methods: This was a multicentre trial (three sites) with imbalanced randomization (1 : 2). From 2008 to 2011, patients with localized prostate cancer were randomized 1 : 2 to usual care (N = 77) or usual care plus a decision aid presenting risks and benefits of different treatments (N = 163).

Identification of a Candidate Gene Panel for the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Serum PSA (sPSA) testing has led to the identification of patients with indolent prostate cancer, and inevitably overtreatment has become a concern. Progensa PCA3 urine testing was shown to improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer, but its diagnostic value for aggressive prostate cancer is limited. Therefore, urinary biomarkers that can be used for prediction of Gleason score ≥7 prostate cancer in biopsies are urgently needed.

Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Activity Evaluation of TMX-101 in a Multicenter Phase 1 Study in Patients With Papillary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction/background: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a strong tendency to recur despite adjuvant instillations. TMX-101 is a new liquid form of imiquimod for intravesical instillation and has activity in vitro against urothelial carcinoma. The purpose was to analyze the activity of TMX-101 in low-grade NMIBC.

Value of 3-T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-guided biopsy for early risk restratification in active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer: a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of 3-T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) and magnetic resonance-guided biopsy (MRGB) in early risk restratification of patients on active surveillance at 3 and 12 months of follow-up.

Materials And Methods: Within 4 hospitals participating in a large active surveillance trial, a side study was initiated. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, prostate MP-MRI, and MRGB were performed at 3 and 12 months (latter prostate MP-MRI and MRGB only) after prostate cancer diagnosis in 1 of the 4 participating hospitals.

MR imaging-guided focal cryoablation in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided focal cryoablation in patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Ten consecutive patients with histopathologically proved recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy, without evidence of distant metastases, were treated while under general anesthesia in a 1.

Evaluation of diffusion-weighted MR imaging at inclusion in an active surveillance protocol for low-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, by means of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), is able to guide magnetic resonance-guided biopsy in patients fit for active surveillance (AS) and identify patients harboring high-grade Gleason components not suitable for AS.

Materials And Methods: Our study was approved by the institutional review board of all participating hospitals, and all patients signed informed consent at inclusion. Fifty-four consecutive patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) at inclusion for AS.

Results of a phase 1 dose escalation study of intravesical TMX-101 in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: Imiquimod, a toll like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist, is effective as a topical treatment for skin malignancies. TMX-101 is a liquid formulation of imiquimod. In this study we establish a safety profile of TMX-101 in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Prospective multicentre evaluation of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions as diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2-ERG) gene fusions are promising prostate cancer (PCa) specific biomarkers that can be measured in urine.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of Progensa PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions (as individual biomarkers and as a panel) for PCa in a prospective multicentre setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: At six centres, post-digital rectal examination first-catch urine specimens prior to prostate biopsies were prospectively collected from 497 men.

Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer worldwide: the PRIAS study.

Background: Overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are important side effects of screening for, and early detection of, prostate cancer (PCa). Active surveillance (AS) is of growing interest as an alternative to radical treatment of low-risk PCa.

Objective: To update our experience in the largest worldwide prospective AS cohort.

Patterns of outcome and toxicity after salvage prostatectomy, salvage cryosurgery and salvage brachytherapy for prostate cancer recurrences after radiation therapy: a multi-center experience and literature review.

Purpose: Current salvage treatments for recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiation therapy include radical prostatectomy, cryosurgery and brachytherapy. Because toxicity and failure rates are considerable, salvage treatments are not commonly performed. As most centers perform only one preferred salvage technique, the literature only describes single-center outcomes from a single salvage technique with a limited number of patients.

Choice between prostatectomy and radiotherapy when men are eligible for both: a randomized controlled trial of usual care vs decision aid.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Many patients are eligible for more than one treatment option for prostate cancer. In usual care, urologists have a large influence on the treatment choice. Decision aids, providing balanced information on the pros and cons of different treatment options, improve the match between patient preferences and treatment received.

Three-Tesla magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy in men with increased prostate-specific antigen and repeated, negative, random, systematic, transrectal ultrasound biopsies: detection of clinically significant prostate cancers.

Background: Patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and one or more previous negative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy sessions are subject to diagnostic uncertainty due to TRUS-biopsy undersampling. Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsy (MRGB) has shown high prostate cancer (PCa)-detection rates in studies with limited patient numbers.

Objective: Determine the detection rate of (clinically significant) PCa for MRGB of cancer-suspicious regions (CSRs) on 3-T multiparametric MR imaging (MP-MRI) in patients with elevated PSA and one or more negative TRUS-biopsy sessions.

Prognostic factors for survival in patients with recurrence of muscle invasive bladder cancer after treatment with curative intent.

Unlabelled: Prognostic factors for survival after recurrent MIBC are unknown and were evaluated using a population-based series of 1409 MIBC patients. 330 Patients who underwent RC or RT with curative intent and who suffered from recurrence were selected. Multivariable survival analyses were performed.

Efficacy and tolerance of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy, with emphasis on high-risk patients suited for adjuvant radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Goals of this study are to report the outcomes and tolerance of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after prostatectomy, to identify risk factors for failure after SRT and to evaluate how these results compare with published results of immediate post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy (ART).

Material And Methods: Men receiving SRT for elevated PSA levels after radical prostatectomy (RP) were included. Biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were estimated.

Discrepancy between clinical staging through bimanual palpation and pathological staging after cystectomy.

Objectives: In muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), careful clinical staging is essential for patient counseling and decision-making. Bimanual palpation (BP) is an integral part and guideline advice of clinical staging. Until now, however, the value of BP has never been studied.

Feasibility of 3T dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance-guided biopsy in localizing local recurrence of prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the combination of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsy (MRGB) and diagnostic 3T MR imaging in the localization of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four consecutive men with biochemical failure suspected of local recurrence after initial EBRT were enrolled prospectively in this study. All patients underwent a diagnostic 3T MR examination of the prostate.

Preliminary evaluation of the effect of dutasteride on PCA3 in post-DRE urine sediments: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group pilot study.

Background: Dutasteride is commonly used in patients that are also at risk for prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the influence of dutasteride on PCa markers has to be studied. To date, only the effect of dutasteride on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been studied.

Two-year follow-up of the phase II marker lesion study of intravesical apaziquone for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To study the time-to-recurrence and duration of response in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, with a complete ablative response after intravesical apaziquone instillations.

Methods: Transurethral resection of bladder tumour(s) (TURBT) was performed in patients with multiple pTa-T1 G1-2 urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder, with the exception of one marker lesion of 0.5-1.

Sequence variant on 8q24 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.

We conducted a genome-wide SNP association study on 1,803 urinary bladder cancer (UBC) cases and 34,336 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands and follow up studies in seven additional case-control groups (2,165 cases and 3,800 controls). The strongest association was observed with allele T of rs9642880 on chromosome 8q24, 30 kb upstream of MYC (allele-specific odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; P = 9.

Cryosurgery for prostate cancer: an update on clinical results of modern cryotechnology.

Context: Cryosurgery is an evolving treatment for localized prostate cancer in European centers. Modern cryotechnology is associated with a low complication rate, but its definitive role in the spectrum of different treatment modalities remains to be determined.

Objective: The primary objective of this review is to analyze the oncological results and complication rates of modern cryosurgery for prostate cancer.

Comparison of three schedules of intravesical epirubicin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To study the additive effect of either an early instillation or maintenance instillations of adjuvant intravesical epirubicin, as compared to the epirubicin "standard" treatment schedule only, in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: Patients with intermediate- and high-risk urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, except carcinoma in situ, were randomised for adjuvant intravesical instillations with 50mg epirubicin/50 ml NaCl for 1h. Group 1 received 4 weekly and 5 monthly instillations (standard schedule), group 2 received the same schedule as group 1, but with an additional instillation <48 h after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and group 3 received the same scheme as group 1, but with additional instillations at 9 and 12 mo (maintenance schedule).