Experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by individuals in treatment for substance use disorders within the Netherlands.

Experiences and expectations of discrimination (anticipated discrimination) may delay treatment seeking among people with substance use disorders. In addition, experienced and anticipated discrimination can be a barrier to successful recovery and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to study the level of experienced and anticipated (the expectation to be rejected) discrimination among individuals in treatment for substance use disorders as well as the association between both concepts of discrimination.

Comparing stigmatising attitudes towards people with substance use disorders between the general public, GPs, mental health and addiction specialists and clients.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the most severely stigmatised conditions; however, little is known about the nature of these stigmatising attitudes.

Aims: To assess and compare stigmatising attitudes towards persons with SUDs among different stakeholders: general public, general practitioners (GPs), mental health and addiction specialists, and clients in treatment for substance abuse.

Methods: Cross-sectional study (N = 3,326) in which stereotypical beliefs, attribution beliefs (e.

Alcohol segment-specific associations between the quality of the parent-child relationship and adolescent alcohol use.

Background: There is much evidence that parents have an influence on the alcohol use of their children. However, in general the relationship is rather weak. A reason for this small association may be due to the fact that adolescents are a heterogeneous group and that, consequently, the association between the quality of the parent-child relationship and alcohol use varies for diverse subgroups, resulting in an overall small effect.

A qualitative exploration of attitudes towards alcohol, and the role of parents and peers of two alcohol-attitude-based segments of the adolescent population.

Background: An earlier study using social marketing and audience segmentation distinguished five segments of Dutch adolescents aged 12-18 years based on their attitudes towards alcohol. The present, qualitative study focuses on two of these five segments ('ordinaries' and 'ordinary sobers') and explores the attitudes of these two segments towards alcohol, and the role of parents and peers in their alcohol use in more detail.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in the province of North-Brabant, the Netherlands.

Effects of interferential care: a community-based care program for persons with severe problems on several life areas.

Background And Aims: Interferential care differs from the current community-based care programs in that it targets a larger, heterogeneous group and combines brokerage and full service elements in a multi-organizational care team. The team provides all the services itself, but with the aim to prepare clients within a few months for referral to regular (ambulant) healthcare services. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interferential care.

Effectiveness of alcohol prevention interventions based on the principles of social marketing: a systematic review.

Background: Alcohol education aims to increase knowledge on the harm related to alcohol, and to change attitudes and drinking behaviour. However, little (lasting) evidence has been found for alcohol education, in changing alcohol-related attitudes and behaviour. Social marketing uses marketing techniques to achieve a social or healthy goal, and can be used in alcohol education.

Public opinion on imposing restrictions to people with an alcohol- or drug addiction: a cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: Alcohol- and drug addiction tends to evoke disapproval and rejection among people. This study provides insight into the origin of people's negative attitudes towards these people. Corrigan's attribution model is used to examine intentions of the Dutch public to impose restrictions to people who are addicted to alcohol or illicit drugs.

Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review.

Background: Healthcare professionals are crucial in the identification and accessibility to treatment for people with substance use disorders. Our objective was to assess health professionals' attitudes towards patients with substance use disorders and examine the consequences of these attitudes on healthcare delivery for these patients in Western countries.

Methods: Pubmed, PsycINFO and Embase were systematically searched for articles published between 2000 and 2011.

The reach of a hepatitis B vaccination programme among men who have sex with men.

Background: Homosexual contact is a major risk factor for acute hepatitis B infection. This study explores how many and which men who have sex with men (MSM) are reached by the ongoing hepatitis B vaccination programme in The Netherlands (started in 2002), and investigate reasons for non-participation and non-compliance.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, on the basis of ethnographic mapping and targeted sampling, 320 MSM were interviewed at different venues in three regions in The Netherlands.

The opinion of adolescents and adults on Dutch restrictive and educational alcohol policy measures.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to explore the opinion of 16-22-year olds on alcohol policy measures compared to the opinion of adults older than 22 years.

Methods: Data was collected in 2008 by using a Dutch panel. This panel was based on a representative probability of households with 8280 members of 16 years and older.

The reach of a free hepatitis B vaccination programme: results of a Dutch study among drug users.

Background: The objective of the study was to explore the reach of an ongoing hepatitis B vaccination programme in terms of awareness of the programme among drug users (DUs), vaccination uptake and compliance, as well as to investigate reasons for non-participation.

Methods: Ethnographic mapping and targeted sampling were used to recruit 309 DUs in three regions in the Netherlands. Results were based on univariate statistics (Chi-square and t-tests) and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Drug users' participation in a free hepatitis B vaccination program: demographic, behavioral, and social-cognitive determinants.

The present study was conducted as an evaluation of a two-year pilot program started in 1998 in the Netherlands to provide free hepatitis B vaccination targeted at drug users (DUs). In order to identify which demographic and social-cognitive factors predict vaccination uptake, written questionnaires were distributed in three pilot regions (Amsterdam, Tiel, and Maastricht) amongst all DUs that were invited to participate in the program during a 2-month period. Vaccination behavior 2 years later was anonymously and prospectively linked to the questionnaire data, which allowed us to investigate which factors predict vaccination behavior.

Vaccination uptake and awareness of a free hepatitis B vaccination program among female commercial sex workers.

Objectives: We sought to explore the reach of a free hepatitis B vaccination program among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) within a legalized prostitution setting in the Netherlands. We also investigated the reasons for nonparticipation and noncompliance.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study based on ethnographic mapping and targeted sampling, 259 CSWs were interviewed at their work in 3 regions in the Netherlands.

The effect of alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease and mortality disappeared after taking lifetime drinking and covariates into account.

Background: Current alcohol intake has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effect of past and lifetime drinking has received less attention. In the present study, the impact of current, past and lifetime drinking on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality has been assessed.

Coping style mediates impact of stress on alcohol use: a prospective population-based study.

Aims: This study examines the relationship between stressful life-events and alcohol use in a longitudinal cohort study, and investigates whether gender, coping style and social support modify this relationship.

Design, Setting And Participants: Data analysed in this paper come from a sample of 1608 men and 1645 women drawn randomly from the cohort known as the Dutch Lifestyle and Health Study, consisting of 16,210 men and women aged 45-70 years, who were followed-up for 4 years (1996-2000).

Measurement: Alcohol use (recent and in the more distant past), occurrence of threatening life-events, coping style (action, cognitive and emotion coping), social support (perceived, actual support and social contacts) and other potential confounding factors were assessed with five annual self-administered questionnaires.

European approach to assertive outreach for substance users: assessment of program components.

Model programs for assertive outreach for substance users (an active and persistent type of community-based health care) are still in their infancy. Most programs were formulated in the United States, and one problem is the lack of feasible and effective models for application in Europe. Therefore, in 2003 all assertive outreach programs for substance users in The Netherlands (n = 277) received a questionnaire about their main program components.

A clients' perspective on demand-oriented and demand-driven health care.

Background: In many Western European countries, there is an increasing request for demand-oriented and demand-driven approaches in health care. In these approaches, the emphasis is on the clients' perspective on healthcare policy and healthcare services. A study was conducted to gain insight into the clients' view of health care.

Measuring alcohol use: "quantity frequency variability" and "weekly recall" compared among Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands.

The aim of the present study was to test the quality of the "Quantity Frequency Variability" (QFV) measure and the "Weekly Recall" (WR) measure among second-generation Turks and Moroccans in The Netherlands. Data were gathered in an experimental study conducted in 2002, in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. A sample of 744 second-generation Turks and 753 second-generation Moroccans, aged 16 years and older, was approached to participate in the study.

Alcohol and illicit drug use among emergency room patients in the Netherlands.

Aims: To clarify alcohol and illicit drug use within the emergency room population in three different regions in The Netherlands, focusing on whether interventions for these substances should be region specific.

Methods: Alcohol and illicit drug use were assessed using a self-report questionnaire filled in by the patients, and by combining self-report with staff judgement on alcohol and illicit drug use.

Results: Data on alcohol use (self-reported and staff judgement combined) resulted in prevalence rates of 4.

A literature overview of the relationship between life-events and alcohol use in the general population.

Aims: A critical review of the evidence of effects of stressful life-events on alcohol use in the general population, with a particular focus on study design.

Methods: A literature search in Medline was conducted, covering the period from 1990 to 2005, to identify articles in which the relationship between life-events and alcohol use in the general population (i.e.

Predicting compulsive Internet use: it's all about sex!

The objective of this research was to assess the predictive power of various Internet applications on the development of compulsive Internet use (CIU). The study has a two-wave longitudinal design with an interval of 1 year. The first measurement contained 447 adult heavy Internet users who used the Internet at least 16 h per week and had Internet access at home for at least 1 year.

Self-reported alcohol use among Dutch emergency room patients: variations in prevalence rates owing to methodological differences.

Aims: This study compared different methods of assessing self-reported alcohol use among emergency room patients in order to explain the variations in reported prevalence rates.

Methods: Alcohol use prior to patient's injury or illness was assessed in one hospital by a self-report questionnaire in three different ways: (i) administered by emergency room staff, (ii) administered by research staff, or (iii) sent to the patient's home by post.

Results: Results show variations in self-reported alcohol use 6 h prior to the injury or illness ranging from 4.

The effect of data collection mode and ethnicity of interviewer on response rates and self-reported alcohol use among Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands: an experimental study.

Aims: To test the effects of data collection mode and ethnicity of interviewers on response rates and self-reported alcohol use among second-generation Turks and Moroccans in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-nine Turks and 271 Moroccans were interviewed face-to-face, and 475 Turks and 482 Moroccans received a mailed questionnaire. Half of the Turks and Moroccans randomly allocated to the interview mode were ethnically matched to the interviewer; the remainder were allocated to a Dutch interviewer.

Methodological problems related to alcohol research among Turks and Moroccans living in the Netherlands: findings from semi-structured interviews.

Objectives: To identify factors related to alcohol use among Turks and Moroccans living in the Netherlands. Furthermore, to reveal methodological problems related to research among Turks and Moroccans in general and to alcohol research among these groups in particular.

Design: Individual face-to-face interviews were carried out with Dutch researchers (n = 9), Turkish and Moroccan (health) practitioners working in the field with Turks (n = 4) or Moroccans (n = 2), and members of the target population with a Turkish (n = 3) or a Moroccan background (n = 2).

Estimating non-response bias in a survey on alcohol consumption: comparison of response waves.

Aims: According to 'the continuum of resistance model' late respondents can be used as a proxy for non-respondents in estimating non-response bias. In the present study, the validity of this model was explored and tested in three surveys on alcohol consumption.

Methods: The three studies collected their data by means of mailed questionnaires on alcohol consumption whereby two studies also performed a non-response follow-up.