Theoretical investigation of parallel NiO/GaP heterojunction nuclear battery with graphene layer and its time-related performance.

Betavoltaic (BV) batteries are regarded as appealing power sources due to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. However, the low efficiency and maximum output power density of conventional BV batteries due to the self-absorption effect of radioactive sources, which consist of separate beta-radioactive sources and semiconductor absorbers, limit their applications. In this work, we optimized and compared six NiO-related heterojunction nuclear batteries utilizing Monte Carlo software Geant4 and finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics.

Comparison of monovision surgery using ICL V4c or femtosecond laser LASIK for myopia correction in the presbyopia age patients.

To compare the long-term outcomes of monovision surgery using implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in myopic patients with early presbyopia. This case series study included 48 eyes of 24 patients (male/female: 10/14, mean age 45.50 ± 3.

Antigen-presenting cancer associated fibroblasts enhance antitumor immunity and predict immunotherapy response.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a crucial role in tumor progression and immune regulation. However, the functional heterogeneity of CAFs remains unclear. Here, we identify antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAF), characterized by high MHC II expression, in gastric cancer (GC) tumors and find that apCAFs are preferentially located near tertiary lymphoid structures.

In-situ positive electrode-electrolyte interphase construction enables stable Ah-level Zn-MnO batteries.

Engineering the formulation of an Mn-based positive electrode is a viable strategy for producing an efficient aqueous zinc-ion battery. However, Mn dissolution and the byproducts result in capacity fading, thus limiting its electrochemical performances. To solve the undesirable issues, the concept of in-situ forming the positive electrode/electrolyte interface on the commercial MnO is designed, with the help of introducing the Dioctyl Phthalate into the ZS-based electrolyte (2 M ZnSO + 0.

Integration of multi-omics data accelerates molecular analysis of common wheat traits.

Integration of multi-omics data can provide information on biomolecules from different layers to illustrate the complex biology systematically. Here, we build a multi-omics atlas containing 132,570 transcripts, 44,473 proteins, 19,970 phosphoproteins, and 12,427 acetylproteins across wheat vegetative and reproductive phases. Using this atlas, we elucidate transcriptional regulation network, contributions of post-translational modification (PTM) and transcript level to protein abundance, and biased homoeolog expression and PTM in wheat.

Association between renal function and memory-related disease: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background: Previous studies have reported that renal function is associated brain structure and cognitive dysfunction. However, the association between renal function and memory-related disease was not well characterized.

Methods: Altogether, 5,282 individuals were included in this study based on China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement.

Alleviating NIR-II emission quenching in ring-fused fluorophore via manipulating dimer populations for superior fluorescence imaging.

Emission quenching resulting from fluorophore aggregation has long been a significant challenge in optimizing emission-based technologies, such as fluorescence imaging and optoelectronic devices. Alleviating this quenching in aggregates is crucial, yet progress is impeded by the limited understanding of the nature and impact of aggregates on emission. Here, we elucidate the critical role of dimeric aggregate (dimer) in alleviating second near-infrared (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) emission quenching from ring-fused fluorophore 4F for superior fluorescence imaging.

Developing a Tunable Synthesis Route for Hollow Gold Nanoparticles@Semiconductor Core-Shell Heterostructures with Controllable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance.

In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, metal@semiconductor core-shell heterostructures have garnered significant attention for their unique optical and electronic properties. These structures offer immense potential for enhancing light harvesting and tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the lack of a universal and scalable synthetic method for constructing diverse semiconductor shells remains a major challenge.

Gut dysbiosis conveys psychological stress to activate LRP5/β-catenin pathway promoting cancer stemness.

Psychological stress causes gut microbial dysbiosis and cancer progression, yet how gut microbiota determines psychological stress-induced tumor development remains unclear. Here we showed that psychological stress promotes breast tumor growth and cancer stemness, an outcome that depends on gut microbiota in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that psychological stress markedly alters the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila (A.

Coupling nitrogen removal and watershed management to improve global lake water quality.

Lakes play a vital role in nitrogen (N) removal and water quality improvement, yet their efficiency varies due to differing watershed N input and lake characteristics, complicating management efforts. Here we established the N budget for 5768 global lakes using a remote sensing model. We found that watershed N input reduction and lake water quality improvement are nonlinearly related and depends on lake N removal efficiency.

Circulating mitochondrial DNA promotes M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages and HCC resistance to sorafenib.

Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), TFAM (transcription factor A, mitochondrial), and ATP, which play crucial roles in the regulation of inflammatory environment in human diseases. However, the role of mitochondrial DAMPs in regulating tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that infiltration of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was correlated with the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to sorafenib.

TMEM41B is an endoplasmic reticulum Ca release channel maintaining naive T cell quiescence and responsiveness.

In mammalian cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) passively releases Ca under steady state, but channels involved remain elusive. Here, we report that TMEM41B, an ER-resident membrane protein critical for autophagy, lipid metabolism, and viral infection, functions as an ER Ca release channel. Biochemically, purified recombinant TMEM41B forms a concentration-dependent Ca channel in single-channel electrophysiology assays.

Chip-integrated quantum signature network over 200 km.

The development of quantum networks is paramount towards practical and secure communications. Quantum digital signatures (QDS) offer an information-theoretically secure solution for ensuring data integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation, rapidly growing from proof-of-concept to robust demonstrations. However, previous QDS systems relied on expensive and bulky optical equipment, limiting large-scale deployment and reconfigurable networking construction.

Differential Disease Behavior of Immune-Mediated Colitis Among Different Types of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance the immune response against cancer but can cause immune-related adverse events, with immune-mediated colitis (IMC) being among the most common.

Objective: We investigated variations in gastrointestinal disease behavior and outcomes among patients receiving different ICI regimens.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients who received ICIs and developed IMC.

Anticoagulant Therapy for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Propensity Score Matching Study and Inverse Probability Weighting.

Background: New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer potential advantages for patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). There is a lack of evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOACs in CVST. The purpose of this study was to compare the benefit and safety between NOACs and warfarin in patients with CVST.

Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion and Mild Symptoms: Insights from a Multicenter Observational Study.

To evaluate whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) combined with best medical management (BMM) is more effective than BMM alone in treating mild stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score < 6) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). A multicentric retrospective cohort of patients with LVO and mild stroke within 24 h from symptom onset was included. Patients were divided into the primary EVT (EVT) group and the primary BMM (BMM) group according to the treatment strategy.

The Role of Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Mediating the Association Between Hearing Loss and Self-neglect Among Older Adults in China.

Background: Hearing loss is highly prevalent among the older population, and elder self-neglect will become a prominent issue worldwide as the population ages. The purpose of this study was to examine if hearing loss is associated with self-neglect in old adults.

Method: Data are from the wave 3 (2494 participants) of the Ma'anshan Healthy Aging Cohort (MHAC) in China.

Considerations for Regulatory Reusability of Dynamic Tools in the New Drug Development.

Model-informed drug development (MIDD) approaches have become indispensable for new drug development and to address regulatory challenges. Dynamic tools, such as population pharmacokinetics (popPK), physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), and quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models, are routinely employed to enhance the efficiency of drug development. Recently, the Fit-for-Purpose (FFP) initiative and the Model Master File (MMF) framework have emerged to support model reusability and sharing in regulatory settings.

MiR-3202-DTL signaling axis impedes NSCLC malignancy via regulating the ubiquitination-proteasome degradation of p21.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, where early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are pivotal for enhancing patient prognosis. Nonetheless, the lack of reliable biomarkers remains a substantial hurdle in clinical practice. In this study, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in NSCLC, revealing a significant downregulation of miR-3202 and an upregulation of miR-3182.

The microRNA-mediated apoptotic signaling axis in male reproduction: a possible and targetable culprit in male infertility.

Recently, infertility has emerged as a significant and prevalent public health concern warranting considerable attention. Apoptosis, recognized as programmed cell death, constitutes a crucial process essential for the maintenance of normal spermatogenesis. Multiple investigations have illustrated that the dysregulated apoptosis of reproductive cells, encompassing spermatogonial stem cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, serves as a causative factor in male infertility.

Multi-Parametric Quantitative MRI in the Early Differential Diagnosis of Ambulatory Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), the most common dystrophinopathies, require distinct treatments. Corticosteroids are effective for DMD but less so for BMD. Early diagnosis can improve DMD outcomes and prevent BMD overtreatment.

Emerging synergistic strategies for enhanced antibacterial sonodynamic therapy: Advances and prospects.

Antibacterial therapy has been extensively applied in medical field to alleviate the severity and mortality of infection. However, it still exists some issues such as drug side effects, limited efficacy and bacterial resistance. Among the alternative therapies, antibacterial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT) has been explored as a promising approach to tackle those crises.