Addition of thoracic radiotherapy to a PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy regimen delays brain metastasis onset in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients without baseline brain metastasis.

Background: With the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the discovery of the synergistic effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the intracranial benefit of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is receiving signiffcant clinical attention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cranial benefits of ICIs and TRT in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) without baseline brain metastases (BMs).

Materials And Methods: From August 2019 to August 2022, data from patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC without baseline BMs were retroactively recorded.

Development and validation of a predictive model for diagnosing EBER-positive lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Purpose: This study aims to identify distinguishing factors between EBER-positive lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and non-neoplastic EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Additionally, we developed and validated a predictive diagnostic model based on these factors.

Methods: To evaluate the early identification of individuals with EBER-positive lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis versus non-neoplastic EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, we carried out a retrospective cohort research.

Efficacy of partial toe and iliac bone transfer for reconstruction of grade I-III fingers' defects.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of using dorsal toe fibula composite flaps and iliac bone in sequential transplantation for the comprehensive reconstruction of fingers with grade I to III defects.

Methods: Between December 2020 and March 2024, data were collected from 36 patients who received complete finger reconstruction for grade I to III defects using dorsal toe fibula composite flaps and iliac bone in sequential transplantation. Postoperative evaluations included Carroll's hand function test scores, hand mobility disability assessments, and overall postoperative conditions.

Genome-wide identification of the UGT genes family in Acer rubrum and role of ArUGT52 in anthocyanin biosynthesis under cold stress.

Acer rubrum is a widespread Acer species valued for its vibrant autumn foliage. The UGT (UDP-glycosyltransferase) gene family is integral to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, the pigments responsible for leaf coloration. This study aimed to comprehensively identify and characterize the UGT gene family in the A.

tRF-5028c disrupts trophoblast function in recurrent spontaneous abortion by inhibiting CRKL-mediated Rap1 signaling pathway.

Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) affects approximately 1-5% of childbearing women and poses a significant threat to global reproductive health. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs implicated in various human diseases. However, the role and mechanism of tsRNAs in regulating trophoblast function during RSA development remain unknown.

Macrophage A2aR Alleviates LPS-Induced Vascular Endothelial Injury and Inflammation via Inhibiting M1 Polarisation and Oxidative Stress.

Vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction secondary to unchecked activation of endothelium are key mechanisms underlying sepsis and organ failure. However, the intrinsic processes that mitigate excessive endothelial cell activation remain incompletely understood. To determine the central role of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) on macrophages in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction, we constructed macrophage A2aR-conditional knockout (Mac-A2aR KO) mice, and stimulated the mice and macrophages with LPS.

Comparison of the social gene expression network and social brain network: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Numerous previous studies have classified brain regions related to social processing into the "social brain" regions. Recent genetic studies showed that gene expression has a crucial effect on both brain functions and behavioral social performance. However, studies still lack a clear understanding of the organization of the social gene expression (SocGene) network.

Co-occurrence of mcr-9 and bla in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Strain Isolated from a Patient with Bloodstream Infection.

Enterobacter hormaechei (E. hormaechei), a member of the Enterobacter cloacae complex, has emerged as an important pathogen in healthcare-associated infections. In this study, a multidrug-resistant E.

Revealing the mechanism of cold metal transfer.

Cold metal transfer (CMT) is a pioneering feeding system widely used in wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and welding. However, process optimisation remains challenging. Although CMT has been extensively applied in various industrial sectors, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood because of the complex physics of the interactions between the wire and molten material and the wire's highly dynamic motion.

Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation in metabolism: regulation and mechanism.

Cells produce metabolic intermediates through catalytic reactions, mainly via post-translational modifications. The modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, known as O-GlcNAcylation, is one of the most common post-translational modifications. As O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation can occur at serine or threonine residues, it is crucial that the interplay between these two modifications is vital to bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand.

Wavelet deep unfolding network for iterative stripe noise removal in wideband microwave imaging system for EMS localization.

The wideband microwave imaging system is a passive focal-plane imaging system which is used for large-scale, wideband electromagnetic interference source (EMS) imaging. The system is mainly composed of a parabolic reflecting surface and a multi-channel ultra-wideband signal acquisition system. However, due to the influence of manufacturing processes and the varied response characteristics of the sensors to different frequency radiation, the stripe noise exists in the obtained electromagnetic (EM) images, which severely affects the accuracy of localization.

A double-agent microRNA regulates viral cross-kingdom infection in animals and plants.

Plant arbovirus infection is regulated by a delicate interplay between virus, vector, and host. While microRNAs are known to be transmitted across species, their role as cross-kingdom effectors in influencing arbovirus infectious cycles remains poorly understood. Our study reveals the dual role of miR-263a, a conserved insect microRNA, in governing rice stripe virus (RSV) infection within both insect vector, small brown planthopper, and rice host.

VASP Knockdown Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury with Inhibition of M1 Macrophage Polarization Through the cGMP-PKG Signaling Pathway.

Alveolar macrophage (AM) polarization plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory response during acute lung injury (ALI). As reported previously, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) may function as an anti-inflammatory agent in hepatic tissues. However, the specific role of VASP in ALI-induced macrophage polarization remains unclear.

Molecular identification of a thioredoxin peroxidase in Babesia gibsoni with potential against oxidative stress.

Babesia gibsoni is the infectious agent of canine babesiosis, a vector-borne infection that poses a global threat to the canine health. As B. gibsoni is an erythrocytic intracellular parasite, the completion of its genome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis facilitates the elucidation of the mechanism of B.

ITGB1/FERMT1 mechanoactivation enhances CD44 characteristic stemness in oral squamous cell carcinoma via ubiquitin-dependent CK1α degradation.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis, posing significant challenges in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The extracellular matrix (ECM)-constructed microenvironment remodels the niche of CSCs. Yet mechanisms by which biophysical properties of ECM relate to CSCs remain undefined.

Associations between hormones, metabolic markers, and bone mass in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Introduction: To explore the associations between hormones, metabolic markers, and low bone mass in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Materials And Methods: A total of 198 women were enrolled in this study. The correlations between hormones, metabolic markers, and BMD were analyzed.

Ferredoxin-mediated mechanism for efficient nitrogen utilization in maize.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant development and, ultimately, yield. Identifying the genetic components and mechanisms underlying N use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) is thus of great importance.

Structural basis for the activation of plant bunyavirus replication machinery and its dual-targeted inhibition by ribavirin.

Despite the discovery of plant viruses as a new class of pathogens over a century ago, the structure of plant virus replication machinery and antiviral pesticide remains lacking. Here we report five cryogenic electron microscopy structures of a ~330-kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from a devastating plant bunyavirus, tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), including the apo, viral-RNA-bound, base analogue ribavirin-bound and ribavirin-triphosphate-bound states. They reveal that a flexible loop of RdRp's motif F functions as 'sensor' to perceive viral RNA and further acts as an 'adaptor' to promote the formation of a complete catalytic centre.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula is higher in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who develop a colon-transverse fistula.

Background: This study explores the association between the need for open necrosectomy (ON) during infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) treatment and the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following definitive surgery (DS) for transverse colonic fistulas.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals and included patients who underwent DS for colonic fistula secondary to INP from January 2009 to December 2023. Patients were followed until hospital discharge.

Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals molecular signatures of central obesity in children.

Background: Central obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease. However, its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. This study aims to investigate lipids and proteins related to childhood central obesity, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition.

Cytotoxic T-cell activation profile in critically ill children with malignancies and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: The early identification of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in critically ill children with malignancies is challenging. The value of an activated cytotoxic T-cell profile in diagnosing HLH in this group of patients is unknown.

Methods: Critically ill children with malignancies who suffered from persistent cytopenia in the pediatric intensive care unit were included.

Prohormone cleavage prediction uncovers a non-incretin anti-obesity peptide.

Peptide hormones, a class of pharmacologically active molecules, have a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis. Prohormone convertase 1/3 (also known as PCSK1/3) represents a key enzymatic mechanism in peptide processing, as exemplified with the therapeutic target glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). However, the full spectrum of peptides generated by PCSK1 and their functional roles remain largely unknown.

Coupling coordination and spatiotemporal dynamic evolution between culture and tourism industry in Japan.

In order to adapt to the needs of tourism industry transformation and tourism product upgrades, it is increasingly urgent to deeply research the relationship between culture and tourism. This study examines the integrated development level of the cultural and tourism industry in the spatial and temporal dimensions based on the coupling coordination degree, using data on the industry in 46 prefectures in Japan from 2009 to 2019. It also uses spatial kernel density estimation and spatial cluster analysis methods to gain insight into the patterns of spatial association between the industry and its data.