Causal relationship between Baff-R expression and normal pressure hydrocephalus: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested a possible link between normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and immune factors, but the causal relationship between NPH and Baff-R expression on immune cells remains enigmatic. This study used a Mendelian randomization (MR) method to elucidate this association.

Methods: The study used data from the Finngen genome-wide association study (GWAS) and included a large European cohort of 767 patients with NPH and 375,610 controls.

Stapes footplate's posterior border protrudes the vestibule in healthy ears: anatomical insights from ultra-high-resolution CT.

Background: The stapes footplate (SF) and annular ligament (AL) in the oval window region are of paramount significances. This study aims to assess the visibility of AL and the relative positioning of the SF and vestibule using ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT).

Methods: U-HRCT images between September 2020 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed, and 479 ears deemed healthy from both clinical and radiological perspectives were included.

Prediction of STAS in lung adenocarcinoma with nodules ≤ 2 cm using machine learning: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background And Objective: Spread through air spaces (STAS) is an important factor in determining the aggressiveness and recurrence risk of lung cancer, especially in early-stage adenocarcinoma. Preoperative identification of STAS is crucial for optimizing surgical strategies. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models to predict the presence of STAS using preoperative clinical, radiological, and pathological data in lung cancer patients.

Network pharmacology mechanism of Rosmarinus officinalis L.(Rosemary) to improve cell viability and reduces apoptosis in treating Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, nerve loss, neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques. Different process of the AD pathology present more opportunities for treatment. In addition, the holistic approaches involving network pharmacology with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may be viable options for AD treatment, and lead to an effective cure for AD in the future.

Association between body roundness index and sleep disorder: the mediating role of depression.

Background: Several studies have indicated a potential association between obesity, depression, and sleep disorders. However, the role of depression in mediating the relationship between obesity and sleep disorders remains unclear. The Body Roundness Index (BRI), a more precise anthropometric measure of obesity than the traditional body mass index (BMI), is particularly effective in assessing body and visceral fat levels.

Assessing the performance of QLQ-C30 in predicting all-cause mortality in community cancer patients.

Background: To evaluate the ability of QLQ-C30 in predicting mortality in community-based cancer patients in China.

Methods: A whole-cluster sampling method was adopted to enroll cancer patients in four communities in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019. The patients were surveyed using a questionnaire enquiring demographic information, cancer types, and QLQ-C30 scale.

Rapid progression of right ventricular dysfunction: a case report.

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic myocardial disease characterized by progressive myocyte loss and fibrofatty (fibrous and adipose) tissue replacement to predispose these patients to fatal ventricular arrhythmias and impairment of ventricular systolic function. The relationship of ACM and myocarditis has gained significant attention.

Case Presentation: This case presented a 28-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of recurrent lower limb edema and palpitations for 6 months.

Factors influencing clinical decision-making and health-related quality of life changes in colorectal cancer patients receiving targeted therapy: a multicenter study in China.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess the current clinical application of targeted therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), identify factors influencing patients' acceptance of targeted therapy, and evaluate its impact of targeted therapy on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: This study was based on a national multi-center survey. From March 2020 to March 2021, involved 19 tertiary hospitals across seven regions in China through multi-stage stratified sampling.

Local analgesia for the relief of pain in children undergoing venipuncture and intravenous cannulation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Venipuncture and intravenous cannulation are common procedures in hospitals that often cause pain, particularly in children. Despite the availability of various local analgesia methods to alleviate needle-associated pain, the most effective approach remains unknown. The objective of this study is to compare and rank the efficacy of different local analgesia methods in reducing pain in children undergoing venipuncture and intravenous cannulation.

ZNF451 collaborates with RNF8 to regulate RNF168 localization and amplify ubiquitination signaling to promote DNA damage repair and regulate radiosensitivity.

The ubiquitination of histone H2A/H2AX, catalyzed by RNF8/RNF168, is a crucial step in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), playing a significant role in transmitting and amplifying DNA damage response signals. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of RNF168 remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ZNF451 catalyzes the SUMOylation of RNF168, thereby regulating the ubiquitination of histone H2A/H2AX.

Vapour-liquid-solid-solid growth of two-dimensional non-layered β-BiO crystals with high hole mobility.

Currently, p-type two-dimensional (2D) materials lag behind n-type ones in both quantity and performance, hindering their use in advanced p-channel transistors and complementary logic circuits. Non-layered materials, which make up 95% of crystal structures, hold the potential for superior p-type 2D materials but remain challenging to synthesize. Here we show a vapour-liquid-solid-solid growth of atomically thin (<1 nm), high-quality, non-layered 2D β-BiO crystals on a SiO/Si substrate.

Red teaming ChatGPT in medicine to yield real-world insights on model behavior.

Red teaming, the practice of adversarially exposing unexpected or undesired model behaviors, is critical towards improving equity and accuracy of large language models, but non-model creator-affiliated red teaming is scant in healthcare. We convened teams of clinicians, medical and engineering students, and technical professionals (80 participants total) to stress-test models with real-world clinical cases and categorize inappropriate responses along axes of safety, privacy, hallucinations/accuracy, and bias. Six medically-trained reviewers re-analyzed prompt-response pairs and added qualitative annotations.

Characterization of the ceramic coating formed on 2024 al alloy by scanning plasma electrolytic oxidation.

This study investigates the characteristics and performance of ceramic coatings fabricated on 2024 aluminum alloy surfaces using the scanning plasma electrolytic oxidation (SPEO) process. The effects of various scanning parameters, including discharge gap, scanning frequency, scanning speed, and overlap rate, on coating properties were systematically examined. The coatings were characterized using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), microhardness testing, roughness analysis, and thickness measurement.

Biomarkers of cell cycle arrest, microcirculation dysfunction, and inflammation in the prediction of SA-AKI.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a severe complication in critically ill patients, with a complex pathogenesis involving in cell cycle arrest, microcirculatory dysfunction, and inflammation. Current diagnostic strategies remain suboptimal. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate pathophysiology-based biomarkers and develop an improved predictive model for SA-AKI.

Spatial interpolation of cropland soil bulk density by increasing soil samples with filled missing values.

Large sample sizes are crucial for accurately capturing spatial changes in soil properties by spatial interpolation methods. However, soil bulk density (BD) data in historical datasets is often incomplete, and it's uncertain if filled values enhance spatial interpolation accuracy. Using 2,883 cropland soil BD samples from the Sichuan Basin in China, we developed the best prediction models from traditional pedotransfer function (PTF), multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to fill missing BD values for 1,336 samples.

Spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomics reveals the cellular dynamics of human retinal development.

The morphogenesis and cellular interactions in developing retina are incompletely characterized. The full understanding needs a precise mapping of the gene expression with a single-cell spatial resolution. Here, we present a spatial transcriptomic (ST) resource for the developing human retina at six developmental stages.

Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion.

In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of bolt preload when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt preload prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based on machine learning method. Firstly, a tightening mechanism model is established, revealing the reasons why bolt preload is difficult to predict and errors cannot be eliminated. Secondly, sensitivity evaluation indicator is established to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis, and the fusion method of "mechanism model guiding data model to perform feature selection" is determined.

Cartilage-bioinspired tenacious concrete-like hydrogel verified via in-situ testing.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels, being low-cost and abundant materials, can demonstrate tremendous potential in applications requiring mechanical robustness by harnessing the enhancements afforded by a structure inspired by articular cartilage (AC). This study presents the fabrication of bioinspired PVA/PEG (BPP) hydrogel, characterized by their high mechanical strength and low friction coefficient. By utilizing a concrete-like structure composed of PVA particles and PVA/PEG fibers, the BPP hydrogel demonstrates notable properties such as high compressive strength (86%, 29.

Harnessing exceptional points for ultrahigh sensitive acoustic wave sensing.

Exceptional point (EP) is referred to degeneracies in a non-Hermitian system where two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Recently there have been significantly increased interests in harnessing EPs to enhance responsivities and achieve ultrasensitive detections in optics, electronics and acoustics, although there are few similar studies focused on using surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing technologies, probably due to its great technical challenges. Herein, we proposed a scheme for accessing EPs in an on-chip architecture consisted of coupled-SAW-resonators system, forming a passive parity-time (PT) symmetric system.

Nano-confined controllable crystallization in supramolecular polymeric membranes for ultra-selective desalination.

Innovations in self-assembly and aggregate engineering have led to membranes that better balance water permeability with salt rejection, overcoming traditional trade-offs. Here we demonstrate a strategy that uses multivalent H-bond interactions at the nano-confined space to manipulate controllable and organized crystallization. Specifically, we design amphiphilic oligomers featuring hydrophobic segments with strongly polar end-capped motifs.

Quasi Fe MIL-53 nanozyme inducing ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death for cancer immunotherapy.

Nanozymes offer diverse therapeutic potentials for cancer treatment which is dependent on the development of nanomaterials. Quasi-metal-organic framework is a class of metal-organic framework-derived nanomaterials with a transition state from metal-organic frameworks towards metal oxide featuring porous structure and high activity. Herein an iron-based quasi-metal-organic framework nanozyme Q-MIL-53(Fe) is reported via a controlled deligandation strategy, exhibiting enhanced peroxidase-/catalase-mimic activity and glutathione depletion capacity, whose underlying mechanisms are studied via density functional theory calculations.

Apolipoprotein E ε4-Specific Relationship Between Serum Olfactomedin 4 and Alzheimer's Disease.

Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) plays important roles in inflammation, immune regulation, apoptosis, and neurodevelopment. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum OLFM4 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its clinical phenotype in different apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status. Serum OLFM4 levels were measured in 122 AD patients and 113 healthy controls (HC).

Reflective analysis on the current I adjuvant therapy indications in intermediate- and high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Radioiodine (I) adjuvant therapy (RAT) is given to treat subclinical tumor of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that may or may not actually be present after prior adequate treatment, yet the indications and benefits for RAT remain controversial. This multi-center study retrospectively evaluated the real targets and responses to RAT in intermediate- and high-risk patients, aiming to refine current "one-size-fits-all" guidelines.

Methods: Totally 599 intermediate- and high-risk DTC patients from three centers were enrolled.