Deep Learning: A Primer for Neurosurgeons.

This chapter explores the transformative impact of deep learning (DL) on neurosurgery, elucidating its pivotal role in enhancing diagnostic performance, surgical planning, execution, and postoperative assessment. It delves into various deep learning architectures, including convolutional and recurrent neural networks, and their applications in analyzing neuroimaging data for brain tumors, spinal cord injuries, and other neurological conditions. The integration of DL in neurosurgical robotics and the potential for fully autonomous surgical procedures are discussed, highlighting advancements in surgical precision and patient outcomes.

Molybdesum selenide-based platelet-rich plasma containing carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite antioxidant hydrogels dressing promotes the wound healing.

Excess free radicals at the wound site can cause an inflammatory response, which is not conducive to wound healing. Hydrogels with antioxidant properties can prevent inflammatory storms by scavenging free radicals from the wound site and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors. In this study, we prepared the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/Molybdenum (IV) Selenide (MoSe), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (CMCS/PVP/MoSe/PRP) hydrogels for accelerating the repair of wounds.

From emerging modalities to advanced applications of hydrogel piezoelectrics based on chitosan, gelatin and related biological macromolecules: A review.

The rapid development of functional materials and manufacturing technologies is fostering advances in piezoelectric materials (PEMs). PEMs can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Unlike traditional power sources, which need to be replaced and are inconvenient to carry, PEMs have extensive potential applications in smart wearable and implantable devices.

Highly absorbent bio-sponge based on carboxymethyl chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/platelet-rich plasma for hemostasis and wound healing.

Stopping bleeding at an early stage and promoting wound healing are of great significance for efficient wound management. In this study, a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)/platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel (CP-PRP hydrogel) was firstly prepared by crosslinking of CMCS with γ-PGA and the enzymatic coagulation of PRP. Then, the CP-PRP hydrogel was freeze-dried and transformed into a sponge (CP-PRP sponge).

Effect of umifenovir (arbidol) standard care on clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread quickly throughout the world, mainly due to the lack of effective drug therapies and vaccines. The effectiveness of the antiviral drug umifenovir needs to be further clarified.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1254 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 19 and April 5, 2020 in Hubei Maternity and Child Health Hospital.

Sodium alginate hydrogel containing platelet-rich plasma for wound healing.

Recently, the healing of chronic wounds such as extensive burns has become a serious and intractable clinical problem. Avoiding wound infection and retaining an appropriate level of moisture around wounds are significant challenges in wound care. Herein, a dual-network hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was designed to facilitate the wound healing.

The regulation role and diagnostic value of fibrinogen-like protein 1 revealed by pan-cancer analysis.

Although the role of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in tumorigenesis is well known, a pan-cancer analysis of FGL1 lacks. We used bioinformatics techniques to analyze cancer data from publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, UALCAN, TIMER, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, cBioPortal, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, and DAVID. expression was significantly regulated in various common tumors than in normal tissues; it was increased in lung adenocarcinoma and decreased in colon adenocarcinoma.

Roles of BMI1 in the Initiation, Progression, and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Liver cancer has high rates of morbidity and mortality, and its treatment is a global health challenge. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of all primary liver cancer cases. B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 () has been identified as a proto-oncogene, which contributes to the initiation and progression of many malignant tumors.

Risk factors for recurrent positive results of the nucleic acid amplification test for COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study.

Positive retests of COVID-19 represent a public health concern because of the increased risk of transmission. This study explored whether factors other than the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) contribute to positive retest results. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Guanggu district of the Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital between February 17 and March 28, 2020, were retrospectively included.

Risk and Predictive Factors for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Patients Treated by Lenke Type 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction.

Objective: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common sagittal complication of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after corrective surgery, leading to new deformities, pain, and, even, revision surgery. In the present study, we investigated the risk and predictive factors for PJK in patients who had undergone Lenke type 5 AIS correction to identify the parameters relevant to intraoperative guidance.

Methods: A total of 35 patients with Lenke type 5 AIS who had undergone corrective surgery at our hospital from January 2008 to February 2016 were divided into the PJK (n = 15) and non-PJK (n = 20) groups.

An 8 miRNA-Based Risk Score System for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) might influence prognosis of PTC. This study is aimed to develop a risk score system for predicting prognosis of PTC.

Methods: The miRNA and gene expression profiles of PTC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.

Clinical implications of different specimen types for nucleic acid testing in two cases of COVID-19.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test is currently the gold standard for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease requires high-quality viral nucleic acid tests, and selecting the type of specimen from patients, who are at different disease stages, to use in the nucleic acid test is challenging. This article reports in detail the diagnosis and treatment process for two patients with confirmed COVID-19 and analyzes the results of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests that were used for different types of specimens (sputum from deep cough, nasopharyngeal swab, and feces).

Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Transcriptome Regulation and Prognostic Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

This study was aimed at revealing the dynamic regulation of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify HCC biomarkers capable of predicting prognosis. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), lncRNAs, and miRNAs were acquired by comparing expression profiles of HCC with normal samples, using an expression data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Altered biological functions and pathways in HCC were analyzed by subjecting DEmRNAs to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.

Development and validation of deep learning algorithms for scoliosis screening using back images.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal disorder in adolescents with a prevalence of 0.5-5.2% worldwide.

A Pretreatment CT Model Predicts Survival Following Chemolipiodolization in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: To establish a computed tomography-based prognostic model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization.

Materials And Methods: Using prospectively collected data from 195 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent chemolipiodolization at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital between 2013 and 2016, we established a prognostic model based on hepatocellular carcinoma enhancement patterns on computed tomography scans to predict the outcome of transarterial chemoembolization. Furthermore, a histopathology analysis was performed on 108 different patients undergoing resection between 2014 and 2016 to identify whether there was a correlation between enhancement pattern and microvessel density.

Predictive Value of Spinal Cord Function Classification and Sagittal Deformity Angular Ratio for Neurologic Risk Stratification in Patients with Severe and Stiff Kyphoscoliosis.

Background: Three-column osteotomies were developed to treat severe spinal deformities but result in high neurologic complications and require further risk stratification. The present study investigated whether the combination of spinal cord function classification (SCFC) and deformity angular ratio (DAR) could further stratify the neurologic risks in the surgical correction of severe and stiff kyphoscoliosis.

Methods: The patients with kyphoscoliosis who had undergone posterior 3-column osteotomies at the spinal cord level were reviewed.

Prognostic implications of decreased microRNA-101-3p expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

To investigate the expression level of microRNA-101-3p (miR-101-3p) and its possible association with progression, prognosis and chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression in 327 NSCLC and 42 adjacent normal lung tissues, of which 42 viable tissues were paired with nearby normal lung tissues. Based on the Cox regression model, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to address the factors that had effects on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate.

Factors That Influence In-Brace Correction in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Objective: To identify the factors affecting in-brace correction in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with AIS receiving Gensingen brace treatment in our scoliosis center from July 2015 to October 2017 was performed. The selection of patients was in accordance with the Scoliosis Research Society inclusion criteria for a bracing study.

Surgical Outcome Comparison of Posterior Vertebral Column Resection with or without Anterior Column Support in Treatment of Yang's Type A Severe Thoracic Spinal Deformity.

Background: The use of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) has extended the treatment of severe spinal deformity. However, the practice guidelines for anterior column support in patients treated by PVCR remain ill defined. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of severe thoracic spinal deformity treated by PVCR with and without anterior column support (ACS).

IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway regulates IL-6 expression and promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Of the three unfolded protein response pathways, which are activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) signaling is the most conserved. These pathways are implicated in a variety of types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of IRE1α-XBP1 signaling in the development of HCC remains unclear.

The Treatment of Severe Congenital Scoliosis Associated With Type I Split Cord Malformation: Is a Preliminary Bony Septum Resection Always Necessary?

Background: Single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy without treating spinal cord malformations may have potential advantages for the treatment of severe congenital scoliosis (CS) with type I split spinal cord malformation (SSCM); however, the study of this technique was limited.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy in the treatment of severe CS associated with type I SSCM.

Methods: A retrospective study was designed to compare 2 case series including 12 severe CS patients with type I SSCM and 26 patients with type A cord function (without spinal cord malformations, evoked potential abnormalities, and neurological dysfunctions preoperatively) treated with a single-stage spine-shortening posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR).

The clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of EMMPRIN overexpression in cancers: evidence from 39 cohort studies.

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been reported to be associated with tumor formation and invasion in many studies. However, the clinicopathological significance and prognosis of EMMPRIN in cancer patients remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the predictive potential of EMMPRIN in various cancers.

Hidden Blood Loss and Its Influential Factors After Laparoscopy-Assisted Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Introduction: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of gastric cancer. It is generally thought that a minimally invasive technique results in less visible blood loss during the surgery. Nevertheless, a meaningful perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) is often ignored.