Improving maize carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways and yield with nitrogen application rate and nitrogen forms.

Reduced fertilizer efficiency caused by excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a major problem in agriculture and a hot topic of research. Most studies have focused on the effect of N application rate on N efficiency, whereas there are limited studies on changing the N form to improve N yield and efficiency. Here, the effects of different N application rates and nitrate-to-ammonium N ratios on post-anthesis carbon (C) and N metabolism and maize yield under shallow-buried drip irrigation were investigated.

A microbial ecosystem enhanced by regulating soil carbon and nitrogen balance using biochar and nitrogen fertiliser five years after application.

The indiscriminate use of nitrogen fertiliser (NF) is a obstruction to improve soil quality and crop yields. However, the effect of biochar and NF on soil microbial ecosystem (SME) and crop yields is unknown. A five-year field experiment in China aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertiliser (NF) combination on soil structure, C-to-N ratio (CNR), microbial biomass, and spring maize yield.

Impact of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Microbial Diversity of Spring Maize.

Given the shortage of water resources and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers in irrigated areas, we explored the effect of water−nitrogen coupling on soil microbial diversity in maize fields irrigated using shallow buried droppers. A field experiment (split-plot design) was used with irrigation amounts set at 40%, 50%, and 60% of the conventional amount; furthermore, 13 water and nitrogen coupling treatments were designed. The secondary area was the nitrogen application level, corresponding to 50%, 70%, and the original conventional application amounts.

Melatonin and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Synergistically Regulate Plant Growth and Stress Resistance.

Plant growth and development exhibit plasticity, and plants can adapt to environmental changes and stress. Various phytohormones interact synergistically or antagonistically to regulate these responses. Melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are widespread across plant kingdom.

[Effects of NaCl stress on polyamines metabolism in vegetable soybean].

By adopting vermiculite culture, this paper studied the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and polyamines (PAs) metabolism in the seeds of two vegetable soybean cultivars with different salt tolerance under the stress of 100 mmol NaCl x L(-1). NaCl stress increased the MDA contents in the seeds of the two cultivars significantly, but the increment was lower for salt-resistant cultivar 'Lülingtezao' (LL) than for salt-sensitive cultivar 'Lixianggaochan 95-1' (LX). In the whole period of NaCl stress, LL seeds had higher contents of free spermine (Spm), conjugated Spm, conjugated spermidine (Spd), bound Spd and bound putrescine (Put), higher values of (Spd+Spm)/Put and (cPAs+bPAs)/fPAs, and lower value of Put/PAs, and had higher content of free Spd in the mid and late period (9-15 d) of NaCl stress, as compared with LX seeds.

[Change characteristics of climate and water resources in west Liaohe River Plain].

Based on the 1951-2007 observation data of precipitation and temperature from Tongliao, Kailu, and Zhalute meteorological stations as well as the related hydrologic data from Tongliao hydrological survey bureau and water affairs bureau, the change characteristics of the climate and water resources in west Liaohe River Plain were studied. The results showed that in 1951-2007, the precipitation in its periodical changes in study area had a decreasing trend. The tendency rate of precipitation was -13.