Two Terpene Synthases Are Involved in Multiple Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in the Woody Vegetable, .

As a special woody vegetable, Chinese toon () has a unique flavor, which is mainly formed by a combination of volatile substances. The secretion and storage of volatile odorants in plants are often carried out in trichomes. Currently, studies on the formation of flavor in terms of biosynthetic processes and epidermal trichome morphology are scarce.

Elucidation of the key flavonol biosynthetic pathway in golden and its application in genetic modification of tomato fruit metabolism.

Golden refers to a group of species in the genus that display yellow petals. The secondary metabolites in these petals hold ornamental significance and potential health benefits. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms governing the synthesis of these metabolites in golden petals remain elusive, and the exploitation of their bioactive components is not fully realized.

Integrative Analysis of Small RNA and Gene Expression Uncovers a Novel Long-Noncoding MicroRNA Targeting a UDP-Transferase in Camellia chekiangoleosa.

Biosynthesis of specific secondary metabolites in plants involves fine regulation of gene expression. Camellia chekiangoleosa has important economic value: the seeds contain high-quality unsaturated fatty acids and the pericarp is rich in tea saponins. As an important posttranscriptional regulator, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling secondary metabolism in C.

Multi-omics analysis revealed the mechanism underlying flavonol biosynthesis during petal color formation in Camellia Nitidissima.

Background: Camellia nitidissima is a rare, prized camellia species with golden-yellow flowers. It has a high ornamental, medicinal, and economic value. Previous studies have shown substantial flavonol accumulation in C.

PmHs1 monitors Bsursaphelenchus xylophilus infection and activates defensive response in resistant Pinus massoniana.

Plant resistance (R) genes play a crucial role in the detection of effector proteins secreted by pathogens, either directly or indirectly, as well as in the subsequent activation of downstream defence mechanisms. However, little is known about how R genes regulate the defence responses of conifers, particularly Pinus massoniana, against the destructive pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Here, we isolated and characterised PmHs1, a nematode-resistance gene of P.

Integrating GC-MS and comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that promotes the biosynthesis of caryophyllene in tender leaves.

Introduction: The strong aromatic characteristics of the tender leaves of determine their quality and economic value.

Methods And Results: Here, GC-MS analysis revealed that caryophyllene is a key volatile compound in the tender leaves of two different varieties, however, the transcriptional mechanisms controlling its gene expression are unknown. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment of terpenoid synthesis pathway genes, suggesting that the regulation of terpenoid synthesis-related gene expression is an important factor leading to differences in aroma between the two varieties.

Function of in Flowering Induction in Two Species.

(), belonging to the / gene family, is an important gene regulating the flowering transition and inflorescence architecture during plant development. Given its importance to plant adaptation and crop improvement, has been extensively studied in related plant research; however, the specific role and underlying molecular mechanisms of in the continuous flowering of perennial plants remains elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized homologous genes from two species with different flowering-period phenotypes: was isolated from , a precious species blooming in summer and flowering throughout the year, and was isolated from , which blooms in winter and spring.

Genomics insights into flowering and floral pattern formation: regional duplication and seasonal pattern of gene expression in Camellia.

Background: The formation and domestication of ornamental traits are influenced by various aspects, such as the recognition of esthetic values and cultural traditions. Camellia japonica is widely appreciated and domesticated around the world mainly due to its rich variations in ornamental traits. Ornamental camellias have a diverse range of resources, including different bud variations from Camellia spp.

Molecular Mechanisms of Seasonal Gene Expression in Trees.

In trees, the annual cycling of active and dormant states in buds is closely regulated by environmental factors, which are of primary significance to their productivity and survival. It has been found that the parallel or convergent evolution of molecular pathways that respond to day length or temperature can lead to the establishment of conserved periodic gene expression patterns. In recent years, it has been shown in many woody plants that change in annual rhythmic patterns of gene expression may underpin the adaptive evolution in forest trees.

Small RNA profiling reveals that an ovule-specific microRNA, cja-miR5179, targets a B-class MADS-box gene in Camellia japonica.

Background And Aims: The functional specialization of microRNA and its target genes is often an important factor in the establishment of spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that are essential to plant development and growth. In different plant lineages, understanding the functional conservation and divergence of microRNAs remains to be explored.

Methods: To identify small regulatory RNAs underlying floral patterning, we performed a tissue-specific profiling of small RNAs in various floral organs from single and double flower varieties (flowers characterized by multiple layers of petals) in Camellia japonica.

Phylogenetic studies of magnoliids: Advances and perspectives.

Magnoliids are the largest flowering plant clades outside of the eudicots and monocots, which are distributed worldwide and have high economic, ornamental and ecological values. Eudicots, monocots and magnoliids are the three major clades of Mesangiospermae, and their phylogenetic relationship is one of the most interesting issues. In recent years, with the continuous accumulation of genomic information, the evolutionary status of magnoliids has become a hot spot in plant phylogenetic research.

Identification of Chalcone Isomerase Family Genes and Roles of in Flavonoid Metabolism in .

is a woody plant with high ornamental value, and its golden-yellow flowers are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, especially flavonoids, that are beneficial to human health. Chalcone isomerases (CHIs) are key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway; however, there is a scarcity of information regarding the family genes of . In this study, seven genes of were identified and divided into three subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis.

Novel insight into anthocyanin metabolism and molecular characterization of its key regulators in Camellia sasanqua.

Flower color is a trait that affects the ornamental value of a plant. Camellia sasanqua is a horticultural plant with rich flower color, but little is known about the regulatory mechanism of color diversity in this plant. Here, the anthocyanin profile of 20 C.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Uncovers the Chloroplast Genome Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Species.

is the largest genus in the family Theaceae. Due to phenotypic diversity, frequent hybridization, and polyploidization, an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between species remains challenging. Comparative chloroplast (cp) genomics provides an informative resource for phylogenetic analyses of .

Floral organ transcriptome in Camellia sasanqua provided insight into stamen petaloid.

Background: The cultivated Camellia sasanqua forms a divergent double flower pattern, and the stamen petaloid is a vital factor in the phenomenon. However, the regulation mechanism remains largely unclear.

Results: Here, a comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis of the wild-type, "semi-double", "peony double", and "rose double" was performed.

Characterizations of a Class-I BASIC PENTACYSTEINE Gene Reveal Conserved Roles in the Transcriptional Repression of Genes Involved in Seed Development.

The developmental regulation of flower organs involves the spatio-temporal regulation of floral homeotic genes. genes are plant-specific transcription factors that is involved in many aspects of plant development through gene transcriptional regulation. Although studies have shown that the genes are involved in the developmental regulation of flower organs, little is known about their role in the formation of double-flower due.

Tissue-specific transcriptomics reveals a central role of in regulating the fruit lignification pattern in , a woody oil-crop.

Fruit lignification is of significant economic importance because it affects the quality of fruit and the production of seed oil. The specified lignification pattern in fruits plays critical roles in its seed oil yield, but little is known about how this lignification process is regulated. Here, we report on a comprehensive tissue-specific transcriptomics analysis conducted for fruit.

LcERF19, an AP2/ERF transcription factor from , positively regulates geranial and neral biosynthesis.

The APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of specialized terpenoid biosynthesis. However, the AP2/ERF TFs in have not been characterized and their role in the biosynthesis of terpenoids is unknown. Here, 174 LcAP2/ERF TFs were identified in and categorized into four subfamilies: 27 AP2, 7 RAV, 1 Soloist, and 139 ERF.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Candidate Genes Related to Seed Abortion in Chinese Jujube ( Mill).

Background: Seed abortion is a common phenomenon in Chinese jujube that seriously hinders the process of cross-breeding. However, the molecular mechanisms of seed abortion remain unclear in jujube.

Methods: Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing using eight flower and fruit tissues at different developmental stages in Mill.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Flower Senescence of .

Background: Flower senescence is the last stage of flower development and affects the ornamental and economic value of flower plants. There is still less known on flower senescence of the ornamental plant , a precious species of with significant commercial application value.

Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the flower senescence in five developmental stages of .

Multi-Approach Analysis Reveals Pathways of Cold Tolerance Divergence in .

Understanding the molecular mechanism of the cold response is critical to improve horticultural plant cold tolerance. Here, we documented the physiological, transcriptome, proteome, and hormonal dynamics to cold stress in temperate genotype (Tg) and subtropical genotype (Sg) populations of . Tg suffered minimal osmotic and oxidative damage compared to Sg under the same cold treatment.

The genome of oil-Camellia and population genomics analysis provide insights into seed oil domestication.

Background: As a perennial crop, oil-Camellia possesses a long domestication history and produces high-quality seed oil that is beneficial to human health. Camellia oleifera Abel. is a sister species to the tea plant, which is extensively cultivated for edible oil production.