Impact of orthodontic retainers on periodontal health status assessed by biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid.

Objective: To evaluate whether biomarkers of inflammation and periodontal remodeling are differentially expressed in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients wearing different types of orthodontic retainers.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one adult subjects (17 men and 14 women with an age range of 20 to 35 years) were allocated to three different groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients wearing fixed retainers, group 2 included 11 patients using lower removable retainers, and group 3 comprised 10 patients without retainers (control).

Accidental exposure to blood in medical interns of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Healthcare workers and medical students are at risk of exposure to blood-borne viruses such as HBV, HCV HIV, etc. Here we report the results of a survey of the frequency and causes of cutaneous blood exposure accidents (CBEA) among medical students. Anonymous questionnaires were randomly distributed to 200 interns in their second year of internship in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.