A brief review on the diagnostic and therapeutic principles of primary urethral cancer.

Objective: Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare malignant carcinoma but with limited therapeutic options. This review aims to provide an overview of the current strategies on this patient settings.

Methods: Recent literature ranging from January 1987 and December 2021 was assessed through PubMed search to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic principles of PUC.

Single-cell transcriptome atlas of the human corpus cavernosum.

The corpus cavernosum is the most important structure for penile erection, and its dysfunction causes many physiological and psychological problems. However, its cellular heterogeneity and signalling networks at the molecular level are poorly understood because of limited access to samples. Here, we profile 64,993 human cavernosal single-cell transcriptomes from three males with normal erection and five organic erectile dysfunction patients.

IL-1A is associated with postoperative survival and immune contexture in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is thought to play a major role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of the role of IL-1α in RCC.

Methods: Two cohorts were included in this study: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n=521) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort (n=198).

[Changes in the penis size of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy and its influencing factors].

Objective: To investigate the changes in the size of the penis after radical prostatectomy (RP) and the possible influencing factors.

Methods: This study included 45 cases of RP for PCa performed by the same surgeon from January to June 2019. Before and at 2 weeks after surgery, we measured the stretched penile length (SPL), flaccid penile length (FPL) and penile circumference of the patients.

FOXA1 overexpression suppresses interferon signaling and immune response in cancer.

Androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer (PCa) and estrogen receptor-positive luminal breast cancer (BCa) are generally less responsive to immunotherapy compared with certain tumor types such as melanoma. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that FOXA1 overexpression inversely correlated with interferon (IFN) signature and antigen presentation gene expression in PCa and BCa patients.

Prognostic Value of an Immunohistochemical Signature in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.

Background: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of various diagnostic immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and develop an IHC-based classifier to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods: IHC was performed on tumor specimens from 366 patients with transitional cell bladder cancer. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to develop a multi-marker classifier for predicting DFS of patients with bladder cancer.

Preliminary results of targeted prostate-specific membrane antigen imaging in evaluating the efficacy of a novel hormone agent in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging to make response assessment regarding novel hormone treatment and to predict the outcomes for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. This retrospective study enrolled 68 mCRPC patients who had daily received a novel hormone agent named abiraterone. Tc-99m PSMA single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) was performed at the baseline (SPECT/CT1) and after 3-6 months of treatment (SPECT/CT2).

Conditional disease-free survival in high-risk renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib.

Background: Disease-free survival (DFS) did not reflect accurate individual prognosis after initial diagnosis. As conditional DFS (CDFS) could provide dynamic prognostic information, we evaluated CDFS in these patients treated with or without sunitinib.

Results: A total of 1329 patients with median follow-up 6.

Variant of SNP rs1317082 at CCSlnc362 (RP11-362K14.5) creates a binding site for miR-4658 and diminishes the susceptibility to CRC.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci harboring variants that affected the risk of colorectal cancer; however, the specific mechanisms by which germline variation influenced the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unrevealed. We found the T>C variant of rs1317082, locating at the exon 1 of lncRNA RP11-362K14.5 (CCSlnc362), was predicted to be a protective locus for cancer.

The Value of Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT-Guided Surgery for Identifying and Locating Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: This study evaluated the effect of technetium-99m (Tc)-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based image-guided surgery on the oncologic outcomes for patients with primary or recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 54 consecutive patients with PCa who underwent Tc-labeled PSMA-based image-guided surgery between January 2016 and September 2017. These patients received a radical prostatectomy (RP) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) or salvage lymph node dissection (sLND).

Relationship between PSA kinetics and Tc-99m HYNIC PSMA SPECT/CT detection rates of biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels should reflect or be proportional to the size and the metabolic activity of prostatic metastases. Moreover, a rapid change in PSA kinetics, either before or after treatment, is an indicator of poor prognosis after radical prostatectomy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of total PSA at the time of Tc-99m HYNIC PSMA SPECT/CT (trigger PSA), PSA velocity (PSAvel), and PSA doubling time (PSAdt) on the Tc-99m HYNIC PSMA SPECT/CT detection rate in prostate cancer patients who showed biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy during follow-up.

Downregulation of long non-coding RNA ENSG00000241684 is associated with poor prognosis in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: In order to identify potential novel biomarkers of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we re-evaluated published long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiling data.

Materials And Methods: The lncRNA expression profiles in ccRCC microarray dataset GSE47352 were analyzed and an independent cohort of 61 clinical samples including 21 advanced and 40 localized ccRCC patients was used to confirm the most statistically significant lncRNAs by real time PCR. Next, the relationships between the selected lncRNAs and ccRCC patients' clinicopathological features were investigated.

Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled PSMA-SPECT/CT imaging in prostate cancer patients who have undergone biochemical relapse.

Using conventional imaging modalities, it is difficult to detect recurrent lesions in prostate cancer patients who have undergone biochemical relapse, especially in patients with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. We retrospectively reviewed the files of fifty patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer who underwent 99mTc-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scan within a 30-day period. PSMA-SPECT/CT indicated metastatic lesions in 39 patients and had a higher detection rate (78.

Decreased TCL6 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

One-third of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis of these patients is poor. To identify potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC, we re-evaluated published long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiling data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress database.

[Expressions of transient receptor potential A1 and related inflammatory factors in the rat model of prostatic inflammation].

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of pain associated with chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in the rat model of prostatic inflammation.

Methods: Thirty-six male SD rats were equally randomized to an experimental and a control group, the former injected with 50 μl of 3% λ-carrageenan into the ventral prostate to make the model of non-bacterial prostatic inflammation, while the latter with the same volume of sterile saline solution. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks after modeling, the prostate, L6-S1 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord were harvested for examination of the expressions of the nerve growth factor (NGF), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Pathologic analysis, diagnosis and treatment of adrenal myelolipoma.

With the widespread use of non-invasive imaging modalities, the incidental detection of myelolipoma has become more common. We analyze the clinical data of 4 typical cases of unilateral adrenal myelolipomas, including 1 hormonally inactive patient and 3 hormonally active cases with hyperaldosteronemia, hypercortisolism and hyperandrogenemia. Obvious differences were found in the pathological sections.

Clear cell changes in mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: cytoplasmic pallor/clearing within tubules, vacuoles or hybrid conventional clear cell carcinoma of kidney?

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare and recently recognized subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Apart from the classic morphology comprising conventional three components, there exist a large number of non-classic morphological variants of MTSCC, which make it necessity to differentiate from other RCC. Herein, we report two non-classic morphological variants of MTSCC.

[Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: methods and prognosis].

Objective: To search for an effective hormonal therapy for delaying the progression of prostate cancer to androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC).

Methods: This study included 93 cases of prostate cancer confirmed by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 22 treated by bilateral orchiectomy plus bicalutamide as a continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) therapy, and the other 71 by the intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) therapy, the latter divided into a standard IAD group (n = 29) and a modified IAD group (n = 42) to be treated by maximum androgen blockage (MAB) until the serum PSA level decreased to less than 0.2 microg/L and the medication was maintained for 3 months.

Classification, diagnosis and treatment of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a distinctive subtype of Cushing's syndrome (CS), with different clinical manifestations according to the level of serum cortisol. Based on clinical manifestations and serum cortisol, we divide AIMAH into three types, subclinical AIMAH, clinical AIMAH and high-risk AIMAH, with varied treatment methods being adapted to different subtypes. At the same time, we describe 3 patients who represent these subtypes of this disease, and review some cases of AIMAH which have been previously reported in the English literature.

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is overactivated in primary aldosteronism.

Background: To date, the available non-invasive remedies for primary aldosteronism are not satisfactory in clinical practice. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (PKB or AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is essential for tumorigenesis and metastasis in many types of human tumors, including renal cancer, adrenal carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. The possibility that this pathway is also necessary for the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism has not yet been explored.

[Compound ciprofloxacin suppository combined with ningbitai and yunnan baiyao for histological prostatitis with PSA elevation].

Objective: To explore the efficacy of compound ciprofloxacin suppository (CCS) combined with Ningbitai (NBT) and Yunnan Baiyao (YB) capsules in the treatment of histological prostatitis with elevated levels of PSA.

Methods: This study included 150 cases of type IIIA histological prostatitis, with PSA levels ranging from 4 to 50 microg/L. After 1 month's treatment with oral Levofloxacin tablets at 0.