Testosterone regulation of cyclin E kinase: A key factor in determining gender differences in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Background And Aim: While gender differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are profound, the mechanism is unclear. Using castration and hormone replacement strategies, we tested whether these gender differences are attributable to testosterone or estradiol/progesterone effects on cell cycle regulators and p53.

Methods: We studied dysplastic liver and HCCs in intact and castrated diethylnitrosamine-injected C57BL/6J male and female mice, with or without hormonal replacement.

Acute atorvastatin is hepatoprotective against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice by modulating eNOS and microparticle formation.

Background & Aims: Steatosis accentuates the severity of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI); 'statins' (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) protect the heart and brain against post-ischaemic injury. We tested whether short-term administration of atorvastatin protects fatty livers in obese mice against IRI.

Methods: Mice with dietary or genetic simple steatosis (SS) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were subjected to 60 min partial hepatic ischaemia/24 h reperfusion.

Microparticles mediate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and are the targets of Diannexin (ASP8597).

Background & Aims: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can cause hepatic failure after liver surgery or transplantation. IRI causes oxidative stress, which injures sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), leading to recruitment and activation of Kupffer cells, platelets and microcirculatory impairment. We investigated whether injured SECs and other cell types release microparticles during post-ischemic reperfusion, and whether such microparticles have pro-inflammatory, platelet-activating and pro-injurious effects that could contribute to IRI pathogenesis.

Central nervous system expression and PET imaging of the translocator protein in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Unlabelled: Glial neuroinflammation is associated with the development and progression of multiple sclerosis. PET imaging offers a unique opportunity to evaluate neuroinflammatory processes longitudinally in a noninvasive and clinically translational manner. (18)F-PBR111 is a newly developed PET radiopharmaceutical with high affinity and selectivity for the translocator protein (TSPO), expressed on activated glia.

Atorvastatin protects obese mice against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by Toll-like receptor-4 suppression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation.

Background And Aim: Steatosis accentuates the severity of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ("statins") protect the heart and brain against post-ischemic injury, without necessarily lowering serum cholesterol. We tested whether 10-day or 1-day atorvastatin administration protects livers with fatty change or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) against IRI.