Altered effective connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study and support vector machine analysis.

Background: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with pathological α-synuclein deposition and may have different damage directions due to α-synuclein spreading orientations. Recent functional imaging studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) with RBD have identified abnormalities in connectivity, but effective connectivity (EC) for this altered orientation is understudied. Here, we aimed to explore altered intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and EC in PD patients with probable RBD (pRBD).

A new pathogen pattern of acute respiratory tract infections in primary care after COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center study in southern China.

Background: After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no studies on bacterial and atypical pathogens were conducted in primary care. We aimed to describe the etiological composition of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) presenting to primary care with limited resources after the pandemic.

Methods: 1958 adult patients with ARTIs from 17 primary care clinics were recruited prospectively from January 2024 to March 2024.

Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats exposed to testosterone and estradiol.

The imbalance between estrogen and androgen may be an important mechanism of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. We used mixed sustained-release pellets made of testosterone and estradiol (T + E) to stimulate the establishment of a BPH rat model. Compared to the prostate hyperplasia rat model using only androgens, the new prostate hyperplasia rat model can be observed to have better macroscopic and pathological characteristics of prostate hyperplasia.

Effects of polylactic acid scaffolds with various orientations and diameters on osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Researchers in the field of regenerative medicine have consistently focused on the biomimetic design of engineered bone materials on the basis of the microstructure of natural bone tissue. Additionally, the effects of the micromorphological characteristics of these materials on angiogenesis have garnered increasing attention. , the orientation and diameter of scaffold materials can exert different effects on osteogenesis and vascularisation.

Open surgical treatment of a chronic traumatic arteriovenous fistula in the lower extremity: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: A traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF) is a vascular injury where an artery and a vein become abnormally connected. Although endovascular intervention is often the first choice for TAVF, some special cases still require open surgery.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man developed a chronic AVF in the lower superficial femoral artery (SFA) one year after a farming accident.

The segmentation of nanoparticles with a novel approach of HRU-Net.

Nanoparticles have great potential for the application in new energy and aerospace fields. The distribution of nanoparticle sizes is a critical determinant of material properties and serves as a significant parameter in defining the characteristics of zero-dimensional nanomaterials. In this study, we proposed HRU-Net, an enhancement of the U-Net model, featuring multi-level semantic information fusion.

Autoinducer-2 enhances the defense of against oxidative stress and DNA damage by modulation of c-di-GMP signaling via a two-component system.

As a universal language across the bacterial kingdom, the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) can coordinate many bacterial group behaviors. However, unknown AI-2 receptors in bacteria may be more than what has been discovered so far, and there are still many unknown functions for this signal waiting to be explored. Here, we have identified a membrane-bound histidine kinase of the pathogenic bacterium , AsrK, as a receptor that specifically detects AI-2 under low boron conditions.

Intermediate-dose immune tolerance induction outperforms with faster success, less bleeding, and no added cost in comparison with low dose: a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Background: Low-dose (LD) or intermediate-dose (MD) immune tolerance induction (ITI) is effective in children with severe hemophilia A (SHA) with high-titer inhibitors (HTIs) and is attractive in countries with economic constraints. However, high-quality evidence of their use is lacking.

Objectives: This was a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy, safety, and medication cost between LD-ITI and MD-ITI for SHA-HTI children.

A humanized anti-MSLN×4-1BB bispecific antibody exhibits potent antitumour activity through 4-1BB signaling activation and fc function without systemic toxicity.

Background: Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB/CD137 have shown preclinical promise, but their clinical development has been limited by severe liver toxicity or limited efficacy. Therefore, a safe and efficient immunostimulatory molecule is urgently needed for cancer immunotherapy.

Methods: A novel anti-MSLN×4-1BB bispecific antibody (bsAb) was generated via antibody engineering, and its affinity and activity were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and T-cell activation and luciferase reporter assays.

Preclinical and First-in-Human Study of a Compact Radionuclide Labeled Self-Assembly Nanomedicine for Chemo-Radio-Theranostics of Cancer.

The emerging combination of chemotherapy and radionuclide therapy has been actively investigated to overcome the limitations of monotherapy and augment therapeutic efficacy. However, it remains a challenge to design a single delivery vehicle that can incorporate chemotherapeutics and radionuclides into a compact structure. Here, a chelator DOTA- or NOTA-modified Evans blue conjugated camptothecin molecule (EB-CPT) nanoprodrug was synthesized, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles due to its inherent amphiphilicity.

PD-1 suppresses human CD38 circulating Tfr cells and regulates humoral immunity.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies have achieved revolutionary success in cancer therapy. However, the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on host humoral immunity in humans during cancer immunotherapy requires further investigation.

Methods: We evaluated immunoglobulin titers by ELISA and screened the immune landscape of immune cells from 25 healthy donors and 50 cases including 25 new-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients prior to systemic treatment and 25 HCC patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy by multicolor flow cytometry.

Overexpression of StBBX14 Enhances Cold Tolerance in Potato.

Potato ( L.) is an important food crop, but low temperature affects the potato growth and yield. In this study, the expression level of was significantly increased over 1 h and then gradually decreased under cold stress.

Resolving Artifacts and Improving the Detection Limit in Circular Differential Scattering Measurement of Chiral and Achiral Gold Nanorods.

Circular differential scattering (CDS) spectroscopy has been developed as a powerful method for the characterization of the optical activity of individual plasmonic nanostructures and their complexes with chiral molecules. However, standard measurement setups often result in artifacts that have long raised concerns on the interpretation of spectral data. In fact, the detection limit of CDS setups is constrained by the high level of artifacts, to ±10%.

Impact of remnant cholesterol on short-term and long-term prognosis in patients with prediabetes or diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a large-scale cohort study.

Background: Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. Patients with impaired glucose metabolism and ASCVD remain at significant residual risk after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the role of remnant-C in this population has not yet been investigated.

Rbfox3 Promotes Transformation of MDSC-Like Tumor Cells to Shape Immunosuppressive Microenvironment.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the malignant progression of tumors by exerting immunosuppressive effects. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been widely demonstrated in various types of solid tumors. LPS can promote the malignant progression of tumors, which mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated.

Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing medical artificial intelligence, offering revolutionary changes in health care. These models excel in natural language processing (NLP), enhancing clinical support, diagnosis, treatment, and medical research. Breakthroughs, like GPT-4 and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer), demonstrate LLMs' evolution through improved computing power and data.

Semantically-Enhanced Feature Extraction with CLIP and Transformer Networks for Driver Fatigue Detection.

Drowsy driving is a leading cause of commercial vehicle traffic crashes. The trend is to train fatigue detection models using deep neural networks on driver video data, but challenges remain in coarse and incomplete high-level feature extraction and network architecture optimization. This paper pioneers the use of the CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) model for fatigue detection.

Mitophagy in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Insights into Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug utilized for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, but its clinical application is hampered by life-threatening cardiotoxicity, including cardiac dilation and heart failure. Mitophagy, a cargo-specific form of autophagy, is specifically used to eliminate damaged mitochondria in autophagosomes through hydrolytic degradation following fusion with lysosomes. Recent advances have unveiled a major role for defective mitophagy in the etiology of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Improved split prime editors enable efficient in vivo genome editing.

Efficient prime editor (PE) delivery in vivo is critical for realizing its full potential in disease modeling and therapeutic correction. Although PE has been divided into two halves and delivered using dual adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), the editing efficiency at different gene loci varies among split sites. Furthermore, efficient split sites within Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) are limited.

Calpain 2 promotes Lenvatinib resistance and cancer stem cell traits via both proteolysis-dependent and independent approach in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenvatinib, an approved first-line regimen, has been widely applied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, clinical response towards Lenvatinib was limited, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying mechanism of its resistance. Herein, we employed integrated bioinformatic analysis to identify calpain-2 (CAPN2) as a novel key regulator for Lenvatinib resistance in HCC, and its expression greatly increased in both Lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell lines and clinical samples.

Changes in sST2 and NT-proBNP levels predict early cardiac arrhythmia in breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapies.

Background: Cardiovascular biomarkers are crucial for monitoring cancer therapy-related cardiac toxicity, but the effects on early stage are still inadequate. To screen biomarkers in patients with breast cancer who receive anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, we studied the behavior of six biomarkers during chemotherapy and their association with chemotherapy-related cardiac toxicity.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of 73 patients treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, and heart-fatty acid binding protein were measured at baseline, during chemotherapy cycle (C1-C6).

Evaluation of the Potential Targets of Shenxian-Shengmai Oral Liquid in Treating Sick Sinus Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Shenxian-Shengmai (SXSM) is a Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of sick sinus syndrome (SSS). However, its active chemical compounds and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we researched the underlying mechanisms of SXSM in treating SSS.

Association between weight loss and survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Patients with gastric cancer often experience weight loss. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between weight loss and survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science according to the PECOS criteria: population (gastric cancer patients), exposure (weight loss), comparator (weight stable), outcomes [overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival], and study design (cohort studies).

Progressive brain atrophy and cortical reorganization related to surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Epilepsy is associated with progressive cortical atrophy exceeding normal aging. We aimed to explore longitudinal cortical alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and distinct surgery outcomes.

Methods: We obtained longitudinal T1-weighted MRI data in a well-designed cohort, including 53 operative TLE patients, 23 nonoperative TLE patients, and 23 healthy controls.

Photoinduced Radical Relay Reaction of 2-Methylthiolated Phenylacetylenes/Alkynones Initiated by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes.

A method was found to construct sulfur-containing five- and six-membered heterocyclic alkyl sulfonyl compounds by using visible light and free radicals activated and/or generated by EDA complexes/homolytic cleavage as initiators to stimulate the relay reaction of alkynes/alkynones. This method puts forward a new strategy to initiate alkyl sulfonation of alkynes/alkynones with only a catalytic amount of the initiator. This strategy of generating the initiator by EDA complex activation/homolytic cleavage provides a new idea for the following substances that must be excited.