Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has potent hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic and other adverse effects in human and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by AFB1 in the jejunum of broilers. Broilers, as experimental animals, were fed 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChitosan is one of the most abundant carbohydrate biopolymers in the world, and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), which is prepared from chitosan, is a plant immunity regulator. The present study aimed to validate the effect of COS on inducing resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Arabidopsis and to investigate the potential defence-related signalling pathways involved. Optimal conditions for the induction of TMV resistance in Arabidopsis were COS pretreatment at 50 mg/L for 1 day prior to inoculation with TMV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSwine plays a significant role in livestock agriculture. As a linkage between sows and piglets, porcine milk is crucial for the health of newborn piglets. Free milk oligosaccharides (MOs) are kinds of important bioactive substance in mammalian milk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have previously reported a non-processive endo-type chitinase, ChiA, from a newly isolated marine psychrophilic bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. DL-6. In this study, a processive exo-type chitinase, ChiC, was cloned from the same bacterium and characterized in detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe interconversion of hexose-6-phosphate and hexose-1-phosphate can be directly analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with an electrochemical detector (HPAEC-PAD). Thus, this method can be used to measure the activities of N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase (AGM), glucosamine-phosphate mutase (GlmM) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), which are the members of α-D-phosphohexomutases superfamily. The detection limits were extremely low as 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi
October 2016
Objective: To enhance the accuracy in diagnosis and management of submucous cleft palate via a thorough analysis of its anatomical and functional details.
Methods: Two hundred seventy-six submucous cleft palate cases from 2008 to 2014 were retrospectively investigated. Subgroup analysis were performed on the basis of preoperative velopharyngeal function, palatal morphology, cleft lip concurrence, and patient motives for treatment.
Inulinase is an enzyme that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 32. It converts inulin into high-fructose syrups and fructoligosaccharides, both of which are widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, the kcINU1 gene (GenBank accession number AF178979) encoding an exoinulinase was cloned from Kluyveromyces cicerisporus CBS4857 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33, yielding a maximum of 45.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn order to find an efficient enzymatic tool for curdlan degradation to produce (1 → 3)-linked β-D-glucan oligosaccharides, strain E4-5 (registration number JN089883, Genbank) was isolated from seaside soil. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing classified it as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans. It was the first reported microorganism that succeeded in degrading high-set heated curdlan blocks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol
August 2015
Objective: To study the expression pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (-ir) in the duck thymus during the embryonic and postembryonic development.
Study Design: Studies were carried out on Tianfu ducks on 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 days of age prehatching, and at 0 (hatching), 1, 3, 5, 8, 14, 17, 20, 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age posthatching using high-sensitivity immunocytochemistry.
Results: CGRP-ir was detected in the neuron-like cells, the lymphocytes, the vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the reticular epithelial cells of Hassall's corpuscle and diffuse forms of Hassall's corpuscle.
Int J Biol Macromol
November 2015
In order to produce highly purified (1→3)-β-d-glucan oligosaccharides ((1→3)-β-d-GOS) monomers, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) system with X-Amide stationary phase was performed. Nine (1→3)-β-d-GOS monomers with degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 10 were successfully separated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) demonstrated that these monomers were with high purity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
November 2015
A new chitosanase gene of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 75, csnw2, was cloned from an isolated strain Aspergillus sp. W-2 (CGMCC7018). The mature CsnW2 protein, fused to His-tag at C-terminus, was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and purified with the affinity chromatography of Ni(2+)-NTA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are recently discovered oxidative enzymes that are capable of oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin or cellulose. Despite the importance of LPMOs in biomass conversion and the large number of lpmo genes in microorganisms, only a few LPMOs have been well studied, and further characterization of these proteins is thus of interest. In this study, a chitin-active AA10 family LPMO from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlginate lyases catalyze the degradation of alginate, a complex copolymer of α-L-guluronate and its C5 epimer β-D-mannuronate. The enzymes have been isolated from various kinds of organisms with different substrate specificities, including algae, marine mollusks, marine and terrestrial bacteria, and some viruses and fungi. With the progress of structural biology, many kinds of alginate lyases of different polysaccharide lyases families have been characterized by obtaining crystal structures, and the catalytic mechanism has also been elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hypernasality is one of the most typical characteristics of cleft palate (CP) speech. The evaluation outcome of hypernasality grading decides the necessity of follow-up surgery. Currently, the evaluation of CP speech is carried out by experienced speech therapists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
April 2015
A gene, encoding a new alginate lyase Algb, was identified and cloned from marine bacterium Vibrio sp. W13. The recombinant alginate lyase was characterized followed by being purified on Ni-NTA Sepharose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi
October 2014
Objective: To investigate the correlation between articulation, velopharyngeal function, and surgical age by comparing the changes in articulation after velopharyngeal closure is performed. This study is also conducted to investigate the influencing factors of omission change between pre- and post-operation.
Methods: A total of 48 patients, including 18 males and 30 females, mean age (13.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg
January 2015
Objective: To address the question of whether one- or two-stage palatal treatment protocol has fewer detrimental effects on craniofacial growth in patients aged 5 years with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.
Materials And Methods: Forty patients with non-syndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLPs) who had received primary cleft lip repair at age 6-12 months and cleft palate repair at age 18-30 months were selected in this study. Eighteen UCCLP patients who received two-stage palate repair were selected as group 1, and 22 UCCLP patients who received one-stage palate repair were selected as group 2.
An alginate lyase gene, algA, encoding a new poly β-D-mannuronate (polyM)-specific alginate lyase AlgA, was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. E03. The recombinant AlgA with (His)6-tag, consisting of 364 amino acids (40.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlginate oligosaccharides (AOS), which are marine oligosaccharides, are involved in regulating plant root growth, but the promotion mechanism for AOS remains unclear. Here, AOS (10-80 mg/L) induced the expression of auxin-related gene (OsYUCCA1, OsYUCCA5, OsIAA11 and OsPIN1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) tissues to accelerate auxin biosynthesis and transport, and reduced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity in rice roots.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune dysregulation is a cardinal feature of autoimmune diseases and chronic microbial infections. In particular, regulatory T cells are downregulated in autoimmune diseases while upregulated in chronic microbial infections. FOXP3 is the master regulator of Treg development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we isolated a new psychrophilic bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. DL-6 from marine sediments, which grew well on chitin-containing plates at 4°C. One endo-type chitinase gene, chiA, was cloned from the genomic DNA of this bacterium and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi
February 2014
Objective: To determine the factors affecting post-operative velopharyngeal function of cleft palate patients aged over two years old.
Methods: The data on 245 patients, including first visit case records and those in the database, were searched and recorded. Post-operative velopharyngeal function and clinical features, such as cleft ratio, adequate ratio, diagnosis, operative age and method, were analyzed retrospectively.
Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders characterized by T cell hyperactivity and B cell overstimulation leading to overproduction of autoantibodies. Although the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases remains to be elucidated, environmental factors have been thought to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of auto-respond inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors belonging to innate immunity that recognize and defend invading microorganisms.
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