Prediction of adverse pathology in prostate cancer using a multimodal deep learning approach based on [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI.

Purpose: Accurate prediction of adverse pathology (AP) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients is crucial for formulating effective treatment strategies. This study aims to develop and evaluate a multimodal deep learning model based on [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) to predict the presence of AP, and investigate whether the model that integrates [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and mpMRI outperforms the individual PET/CT or mpMRI models in predicting AP.

Methods: 341 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with mpMRI and PET/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed.

Exploring the role of multimodal [F]F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI data in predicting ISUP grading of primary prostate cancer.

Purpose: The study explores the role of multimodal imaging techniques, such as [F]F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), in predicting the ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grading of prostate cancer. The goal is to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve clinical decision-making by integrating these advanced imaging modalities with clinical variables. In particular, the study investigates the application of few-shot learning to address the challenge of limited data in prostate cancer imaging, which is often a common issue in medical research.

Activating transcription factor-3 orchestrates the modulation of vascular anti-contractile activity and relaxation by governing the secretion of HDL-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate in perivascular adipose tissue.

Background And Purpose: Perivascular adipose tissues (PVATs) play a critical role in modulating vascular homeostasis and protecting against cardiovascular dysfunction-mediated blood pressure dysregulation. We demonstrated that the activating transcription factor-3 (Atf3) gene in the PVAT is crucial for improving vascular wall tension abnormalities; however, its protective mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aim to determine whether ATF3 regulates PVAT-derived relaxing factor (PVDRF) biosynthesis and if its secretion contributes to vasorelaxation.

Effectiveness of combined physical exercise and cognitive training in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Falls among cognitively impaired older adults are a global concern. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of combining physical exercise and cognitive training to improve balance among older adults. A systematic search of databases, including Embase, Medline-OVID, CINAHL-EBSCOhost, and Central-Cochrane Library, was conducted from March 9 to April 6, 2023.

One BAG Does Not Fit All: Differences and Similarities of BAG Family Members in Mediating Central Nervous System Homeostasis.

There is an increasing awareness that B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) proteins play critical roles in maintaining neural homeostasis and that their dysregulation contributes to neurological disorders. This protein family, which comprises 9 members, is evolutionarily conserved, with each member having at least one BAG domain that binds to the nucleotide-binding domains of Hsp70 family members. Collectively, these proteins are essential for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS).

Oxygen-Independent Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Selective Consumption of M1 Macrophage Against Ventricular Arrhythmias via Sympathetic Neuromodulation.

The occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is closely associated with the hyperactivation of left stellate ganglion (LSG). Proinflammatory M1 macrophage is reported to aggravate sympathetic overactivation and cause VAs. Therefore, the depletion of M1 macrophage is anticipated to inhibit LSG overactivation and alleviate MI-induced VAs.

Olaparib and Radiotherapy Induce Type I Interferon- and CD8+ T Cell-Dependent Sensitization to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer.

PARP inhibitors sensitize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to radiation by inducing DNA damage and replication stress. These mechanisms also have the potential to enhance radiation-induced type I interferon (T1IFN)-mediated antitumoral immune responses. We hypothesized that the PARP inhibitor olaparib would also potentiate radiation-induced T1IFN to promote antitumor immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant PDAC to immunotherapy.

Boosting the Sustained Release Performance of Metronidazole and Ornidazole with MIL-53(Fe) Derived Spherical Porous Carbon.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) derived spherical porous carbon (SPC) has potential application value in the field of adsorption and sustained release of nitroimidazole drugs. This work used MIL-53(Fe) as a precursor and prepared spherical 3-aminophenol-formaldehyde resin containing MIL-53(Fe) crystals using the advanced Stöber method, followed by the successful preparation of MIL-53(Fe) derived SPC (MSPC) with a structure containing both micropores and mesopores through high-temperature carbonization. The effects of the doping amount of MIL-53(Fe) on the sphericity and particle size of MSPC were investigated.

The UBA1-STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade.

Our study reveals UBA1 as a predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes in ICB cohorts, mediating cancer immune evasion and ICB resistance. We further highlight JAK1 stabilization as a key mechanism of UBA1 inhibition and nominate the UBA1-STUB1 axis as an immuno-oncology therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of ICB.

Causal relationships between gut microbiota and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background And Purpose: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) poses a significant health burden globally, necessitating a deeper understanding of its etiology and potential preventive strategies. Recent research has suggested a possible link between gut microbiota composition and the risk of vascularity, prompting investigation into this association using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and aSAH risk utilizing MR analysis.

Exploring the causal links between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) represents a critical health concern characterized by elevated mortality and morbidity rates. Although both genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices influence aSAH susceptibility, understanding the causative associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and aSAH risk remains imperative. Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a robust methodological framework for dissecting these associations, leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables.

miR-151a-3p regulates the TNIK/PI3K/Akt axis and influences the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, and the incidence of PCOS has increased in recent years. However, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: The expression of miR-151a-3p in ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) was determined using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Progestogen-driven B7-H4 contributes to onco-fetal immune tolerance.

Immune tolerance mechanisms are shared in cancer and pregnancy. Through cross-analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data from multiple human cancer types and the maternal-fetal interface, we found B7-H4 (VTCN1) is an onco-fetal immune tolerance checkpoint. We showed that genetic deficiency of B7-H4 resulted in immune activation and fetal resorption in allogeneic pregnancy models.

PIKfyve, expressed by CD11c-positive cells, controls tumor immunity.

Cancer treatment continues to shift from utilizing traditional therapies to targeted ones, such as protein kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. Mobilizing dendritic cells (DC) and other myeloid cells with antigen presenting and cancer cell killing capacities is an attractive but not fully exploited approach. Here, we show that PIKFYVE is a shared gene target of clinically relevant protein kinase inhibitors and high expression of this gene in DCs is associated with poor patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy.

PAD4 controls tumor immunity via restraining the MHC class II machinery in macrophages.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shape tumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. However, it is poorly understood whether and how post-translational modifications (PTMs) intrinsically affect the phenotype and function of TAMs. Here, we reveal that peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) exhibits the highest expression among common PTM enzymes in TAMs and negatively correlates with the clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade.

PIKfyve controls dendritic cell function and tumor immunity.

The modern armamentarium for cancer treatment includes immunotherapy and targeted therapy, such as protein kinase inhibitors. However, the mechanisms that allow cancer-targeting drugs to effectively mobilize dendritic cells (DCs) and affect immunotherapy are poorly understood. Here, we report that among shared gene targets of clinically relevant protein kinase inhibitors, high expression was least predictive of complete response in patients who received immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

Novel multidrug resistance genomic islands and transposon carrying blaVEB-1 identified in mcr-positive Aeromonas strains from raw meat in China.

Objectives: To characterize the genetic environments of ESBL gene blaVEB-1 in mcr-positive Aeromonas strains from raw meat in China.

Methods: Whole genomes of Aeromonas strains were sequenced using the Illumina or Nanopore platforms. Genetic environments of blaVEB-1 were analysed using the BLAST program.

Cellulose nanofibers embedded chitosan/tannin hydrogel with high antibacterial activity and hemostatic ability for drug-resistant bacterial infected wound healing.

Millions of patients annually suffer life-threatening illnesses caused by bacterial infections of skin wounds. However, the treatment of wounds infected with bacteria is a thorny issue in clinical medicine, especially with drug-resistant bacteria infections. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing wound dressings that can efficiently fight against drug-resistant bacterial infections and promote wound healing.

Association of health information technology-driven multidisciplinary approaches with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target achievement in patients with an acute coronary syndrome.

Objective: Controlling of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a challenge. Health information technology (HIT) is increasingly being applied to close quality gaps in chronic illness care. The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative review of the association of implementing HIT on lipid management processes of care and LDL-C goal attainment in patients with ACS.