Preparation, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation of a Submicron Emulsion Processed Using High-Pressure Homogenization to Protect Bitter Melon Seed Oil.

Bitter melon seed oil (BMSO), as a by-product of bitter gourd fruit processing, is rich in active ingredients and has unique medicinal potential. However, its solubility and dispersibility in water are poor when used directly. Therefore, this study aims to develop an eco-friendly submicron emulsion containing BMSO for intravenous injection and evaluate its safety.

Photonic Chip Based on Ultrafast Laser-Induced Reversible Phase Change for Convolutional Neural Network.

Photonic computing has emerged as a promising technology for the ever-increasing computational demands of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Due to the advantages in computing speed, integrated photonic chips have attracted wide research attention on performing convolutional neural network algorithm. Programmable photonic chips are vital for achieving practical applications of photonic computing.

Direct synthesis of high quantum yield lead-free CsCuI powder in water and its application in yellow LED.

Yellow light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 570-590 nm can reduce the excitability of peripheral nerves and the sensitivity of the skin, stimulate collagen synthesis, and tighten the skin, which plays an important role in skin rejuvenation. In general, commercial LEDs are made of phosphor excited by ultraviolet chips. It is very important for the development of yellow light emitters with high luminous efficiency, good stability, and environmental protection.

Dual-Scanning Photoacoustic Endomicroscopy for High-Speed Gastrointestinal Microvascular Imaging.

Photoacoustic endomicroscopy enables high-resolution imaging of deep microvasculature within the gastrointestinal wall using modulated laser pulses with point-by-point scanning. However, conventional scanning mechanisms frequently encounter difficulties in balancing imaging speed and field of view, particularly when imaging the peristaltic gastrointestinal tract. To address this challenge, we propose a dual-scanning photoacoustic endomicroscopy with an adjustable focal plane and an ultrafast imaging speed.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

The year 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over recent years, SERS has experienced rapid development and became a critical tool in biomedicine with its unparalleled sensitivity and molecular specificity. This review summarizes the advancements and challenges in SERS substrates, nanotags, instrumentation, and spectral analysis for biomedical applications.

Global, regional, and national cardiovascular disease burden attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021 Study.

Introduction: Smoking poses a serious threat to cardiovascular health. The aim of the study is to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of smoking-attributable cardiovascular disease (CVD) and set priorities for future tobacco control.

Methods: Data on deaths and years lived with disability (YLDs) for smoking-related CVD from 1990 to 2021, including age-standardized rates (ASRs), were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

The Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Pattern, and Hypertension Among Residents in the Xinjiang Region.

: Diet and inflammation are both associated with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammation index (DII), dietary patterns, and the risk of hypertension among Xinjiang residents. : A total of 930 residents aged 20-80 from Shihezi and Tumushuk were selected as participants using a stratified whole cluster random sampling method.

Design of judicial public opinion supervision and intelligent decision-making model based on Bi-LSTM.

Fuzzy preference modeling in intelligent decision support systems aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of decision-making processes by incorporating fuzzy logic and preference modeling techniques. While network public opinion (NPO) has the potential to drive judicial reform and progress, it also poses challenges to the independence of the judiciary due to the negative impact of malicious public opinion. To tackle this issue within the context of intelligent decision support systems, this study provides an insightful overview of current NPO monitoring technologies.

Association between Residential Greenness and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Adults in Rural Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.

Methods: We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to estimate residential greenness.

Association between renal function trajectories and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: It is unclear whether changing trajectories of renal function will increase the risk prediction information of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the trajectory patterns of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the association between eGFR trajectories and CVD risk.

Methods: A total of 4742 participants were included in the cohort from the 51st Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

Intermittent fasting for weight management and metabolic health: An updated comprehensive umbrella review of health outcomes.

Aims: To provide an updated comprehensive evaluation of the quality and evidence association of existing studies on health outcomes related to intermittent fasting (IF).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, covering literature up to June 2024. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews that include adult populations and quantitatively analyse health outcomes related to IF interventional studies are included.

Flexible Au@Ag/PDMS SERS imprinted membrane combined with molecular imprinting technology for selective detection of MC-LR.

In this study, a core-shell structured bimetallic nano-cube, Au@Ag NCs, was prepared by seed-mediated growth procedure. The array structure of Au@Ag NCs was achieved at the interface through the autonomous assembly technique at the three-phase boundary. Employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a flexible carrier, the array structure was effortlessly transferred to the PDMS membrane, bypassing the need for rigid substrates through a simple "pasting" method.

Lightweight defect detection algorithm of tunnel lining based on knowledge distillation.

Due to the influence of construction quality, engineering geology and hydrological environment, defects such as dehollowing and insufficient compaction can occur in tunnels. Aiming at the problems of complex detection model, poor real-time performance and low accuracy of the current tunnel lining defect detection methods, the study proposes a lightweight defect detection algorithm of tunnel lining based on knowledge distillation. Firstly, a high-precision teacher model based on yolov5s was constructed by constructing a C3CSFM module that combines residual structure and attention mechanism, a MDFPN network structure with multi-scale feature fusion and a reweighted RWNMS re-screening mechanism.

Surface defect detection model of laser cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool based on asymptotic fusion strategy.

Due to the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool has the characteristics of high hardness, brittleness, etc., it is easy to break the tool or produce defects in the laser cutting process, which affects the cutting performance of the tool. Traditional defect detection methods can no longer meet the needs of modern manufacturing.

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of long-span railway cable-stayed bridges crossing strike-slip faults.

Active faults along railways in the mountainous regions of western China pose significant challenges to bridge safety. To ensure the safe operation of long-span railway bridges under complex geological conditions, this study investigates the synthesis of artificial ground motions for bridges crossing strike-slip faults and analyzes their nonlinear seismic response. First, we develop a theoretical method for simulating high- and low-frequency seismic motions using a finite fault and an equivalent velocity pulse model.

Miniaturized photoacoustic microscope for multi-segmental spinal cord imaging in freely moving mice.

Long-term and non-narcotic hemodynamic imaging is indispensable for observing factual physiological information of the spinal cord. Unfortunately, achieving label-free, high-resolution, and widefield spinal cord imaging for mice under freely moving conditions is challenging. In this study, we developed a miniaturized photoacoustic microscope along with a corresponding photoacoustic spinal window to realize high-resolution, multi-segmental hemodynamic imaging of the spinal cord for freely moving mice.

Engine of Innovation in Hospital Pharmacy: Applications and Reflections of ChatGPT.

Hospital pharmacy plays an important role in ensuring medical care quality and safety, especially in the area of drug information retrieval, therapy guidance, and drug-drug interaction management. ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence language model that can generate natural-language texts. Here, we explored the applications and reflections of ChatGPT in hospital pharmacy, where it may enhance the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care.

Med-Query: Steerable Parsing of 9-DoF Medical Anatomies With Query Embedding.

Automatic parsing of human anatomies at the instance-level from 3D computed tomography (CT) is a prerequisite step for many clinical applications. The presence of pathologies, broken structures or limited field-of-view (FOV) can all make anatomy parsing algorithms vulnerable. In this work, we explore how to leverage and implement the successful detection-then-segmentation paradigm for 3D medical data, and propose a steerable, robust, and efficient computing framework for detection, identification, and segmentation of anatomies in CT scans.

Plasmonic nanoparticle sensors: current progress, challenges, and future prospects.

Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have played a significant role in the evolution of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology in terms of colloidal synthesis, general understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms, and their impact in a wide range of applications. They exhibit strong visible colors due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on their size, shape, composition, and the surrounding dielectric environment. Under resonant excitation, the LSPR of plasmonic NPs leads to a strong field enhancement near their surfaces and thus enhances various light-matter interactions.

Fe─S Bond-Mediated Efficient Electron Transfer in Quantum Dots/Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photoelectrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation.

Effective electron supply to produce ammonia in photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (PEC NRR) remains challenging due to the sluggish multiple proton-coupled electron transfer and unfavorable carrier recombination. Herein, InP quantum dots decorated with sulfur ligands (InP QDs-S) bound to MIL-100(Fe) as a benchmark catalyst for PEC NRR is reported. It is found that MIL-100(Fe) can combined with InP QDs-S via Fe─S bonds as bridge to facilitate the electron transfer by experimental results.

Association between Bisphenol A and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) among U.S. Older Males: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2012.

Background: There is growing evidence indicating that environmental endocrine disruptors may influence the development of prostate cancer. Despite this, the connection between BPA and PSA levels is still not fully understood and appears intricate. In this study, we aimed to assess the link between BPA exposure and PSA levels using data from the NHANES database.

Molecularly Imprinted Wearable Sensor with Paper Microfluidics for Real-Time Sweat Biomarker Analysis.

The urgent need for real-time and noninvasive monitoring of health-associated biochemical parameters has motivated the development of wearable sweat sensors. Existing electrochemical sensors show promise in real-time analysis of various chemical biomarkers. These sensors often rely on labels and redox probes to generate and amplify the signals for the detection and quantification of analytes with limited sensitivity.

Plasma-Enabled Process with Single-Atom Catalysts for Sustainable Plastic Waste Transformation.

The escalating issue of plastic waste generation has prompted the search for an effective solution to address these challenges. In this study, we present a novel plasma-enabled strategy for the rapid breakdown of various types of plastic wastes, including mixtures, into high-value carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen. The H yield and selectivity achieved through the implemented catalyst-free plasma-enabled strategy are 14.

Decorin attenuates hypertrophic scar fibrosis via TGFβ/Smad signalling.

The management of hypertrophic scars (HSs), characterized by excessive collagen production, involves various nonsurgical and surgical interventions. However, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism governing hypertrophic scarring has led to less-than-ideal results in clinical antifibrotic treatments. Therefore, our study focused on the role of decorin (DCN) and its regulatory role in the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway in the development of HSs.