Adapting Novel Augmented Reality Devices for Patient Simulations in Medical Education.

Extended reality (XR) simulations are becoming increasingly common in educational settings, particularly in medical education. Advancing XR devices to enhance these simulations is a booming field of research. This study seeks to understand the value of a novel, non-wearable mixed reality (MR) display during interactions with a simulated holographic patient, specifically in taking a medical history.

Modeling Nursing Home Harms From COVID-19 Staff Furlough Policies.

Importance: Current guidance to furlough health care staff with mild COVID-19 illness may prevent the spread of COVID-19 but may worsen nursing home staffing shortages as well as health outcomes that are unrelated to COVID-19.

Objective: To compare COVID-19-related with non-COVID-19-related harms associated with allowing staff who are mildly ill with COVID-19 to work while masked.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This modeling study, conducted from November 2023 to June 2024, used an agent-based model representing a 100-bed nursing home and its residents, staff, and their interactions; care tasks; and resident and staff health outcomes to simulate the impact of different COVID-19 furlough policies over 1 postpandemic year.

A Systems Map of the Challenges of Climate Communication.

Over the past sixty years, scientists have been warning about climate change and its impacts on human health, but evidence suggests that many may not be heeding these concerns. This raises the question of whether new communication approaches are needed to overcome the unique challenges of communicating what people can do to slow or reverse climate change. To better elucidate the challenges of communicating about the links between human activity, climate change and its effects, and identify potential solutions, we developed a systems map of the factors and processes involved based on systems mapping sessions with climate change and communication experts.

The Need to Focus More on Climate Change Communication and Incorporate More Systems Approaches.

Society is at an inflection point-both in terms of climate change and the amount of data and computational resources currently available. Climate change has been a catastrophe in slow motion with relationships between human activity, climate change, and the resulting effects forming a complex system. However, to date, there has been a general lack of urgent responses from leaders and the general public, despite urgent warnings from the scientific community about the consequences of climate change and what can be done to mitigate it.

New Morbidities During Critical Illness and Associated Risk of ICU Readmission: Virtual Pediatric Systems Cohort, 2017-2020.

Objectives: To describe change in Functional Status Scale (FSS) associated with critical illness and assess associated development of new morbidities with PICU readmission.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study using the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS; Los Angeles, CA) database.

Setting: One hundred twenty-six U.

Risk factors predicting need for the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) post-hematopoietic cell transplant, PICU utilization, and outcomes following HCT: a single center retrospective analysis.

Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a curative treatment for multiple malignant and non-malignant disorders. While morbidity and mortality have decreased significantly over the years, some patients still require management in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during their HCT course for additional respiratory, cardiovascular, and/or renal support. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients (0-18 years) who underwent HCT from January 2015-December 2020 at our institution to determine risk factors for PICU care and evaluate PICU utilization and outcomes.

The potential epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of a universal coronavirus vaccine: a modelling study.

Background: With efforts underway to develop a universal coronavirus vaccine, otherwise known as a pan-coronavirus vaccine, this is the time to offer potential funders, researchers, and manufacturers guidance on the potential value of such a vaccine and how this value may change with differing vaccine and vaccination characteristics.

Methods: Using a computational model representing the United States (U.S.

Health and Economic Value of Eliminating Socioeconomic Disparities in US Youth Physical Activity.

Importance: There are considerable socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in youth physical activity (PA) levels. For example, studies show that lower-SES youth are less active, have lower participation in organized sports and physical education classes, and have more limited access to PA equipment.

Objective: To determine the potential public health and economic effects of eliminating disparities in PA levels among US youth SES groups.

How the Timing of Annual COVID-19 Vaccination of Nursing Home Residents and Staff Affects Its Value.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of an annual nursing home (NH) COVID-19 vaccine campaign and the impact of when vaccination starts.

Design: Agent-based model representing a typical NH.

Setting And Participants: NH residents and staff.

Benefits of Meeting the Healthy People 2030 Youth Sports Participation Target.

Introduction: Healthy People 2030, a U.S. government health initiative, has indicated that increasing youth sports participation to 63.

Cost-effectiveness of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and isolation strategies in nursing homes.

Objective: Nursing home residents may be particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, a question is when and how often nursing homes should test staff for COVID-19 and how this may change as severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves.

Design: We developed an agent-based model representing a typical nursing home, COVID-19 spread, and its health and economic outcomes to determine the clinical and economic value of various screening and isolation strategies and how it may change under various circumstances.

The Pediatric Data Science and Analytics Subgroup of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network: Use of Supervised Machine Learning Applications in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Research.

Objective: Perform a scoping review of supervised machine learning in pediatric critical care to identify published applications, methodologies, and implementation frequency to inform best practices for the development, validation, and reporting of predictive models in pediatric critical care.

Design: Scoping review and expert opinion.

Setting: We queried CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Embase (Elsevier), Ovid Medline, and PubMed for articles published between 2000 and 2022 related to machine learning concepts and pediatric critical illness.

The Need for Systems Approaches for Precision Communications in Public Health.

A major challenge in communicating health-related information is the involvement of multiple complex systems from the creation of the information to the sources and channels of dispersion to the information users themselves. To date, public health communications approaches have often not adequately accounted for the complexities of these systems to the degree necessary to have maximum impact. The virality of COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation has brought to light the need to consider these system complexities more extensively.

Comparing two definitions of pediatric complexity among children cared for in general and pediatric emergency departments in a statewide sample.

Objective: The number of children cared for in emergency departments (EDs) with medical complexity continues to rise. We sought to identify the concordance between 2 commonly used criteria of medical complexity among children presenting to a statewide sample of EDs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children presenting to a statewide sample of Illinois EDs between 2016 and 2021.

Machine learning models to predict and benchmark PICU length of stay with application to children with critical bronchiolitis.

Objective: To create models for prediction and benchmarking of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) for patients with critical bronchiolitis.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that machine learning models applied to an administrative database will be able to accurately predict and benchmark the PICU LOS for critical bronchiolitis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Microbial Drivers of Plant Performance during Drought Depend upon Community Composition and the Greater Soil Environment.

The increasing occurrence of drought is a global challenge that threatens food security through direct impacts to both plants and their interacting soil microorganisms. Plant growth promoting microbes are increasingly being harnessed to improve plant performance under stress. However, the magnitude of microbiome impacts on both structural and physiological plant traits under water limited and water replete conditions are not well-characterized.

Child Opportunity Index and Emergent PICU Readmissions: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study of 43 U.S. Hospitals.

Objectives: To examine the association between a validated composite measure of neighborhood factors, the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and emergent PICU readmission during the year following discharge for survivors of pediatric critical illness.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Forty-three U.

Association of Pediatric Mortality With the Child Opportunity Index Among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Objective: Child health and development is influenced by neighborhood context. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a multidimensional measure of neighborhood conditions. We sought to evaluate the association of COI with mortality among children presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Defining Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Children with chronic critical illness (CCI) are hypothesized to be a high-risk patient population with persistent multiple organ dysfunction and functional morbidities resulting in recurrent or prolonged critical care; however, it is unclear how CCI should be defined. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the existing literature for case definitions of pediatric CCI and case definitions of prolonged PICU admission and to explore the methodologies used to derive these definitions.

Data Sources: Four electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) from inception to March 3, 2021.

Variable Identification of Children With Medical Complexity in United States PICUs.

Objectives: Children with medical complexity are at increased risk for critical illness and adverse outcomes. However, there is currently no consensus definition of medical complexity in pediatric critical care research.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study.