Patterns of sick leave and unemployment prior to a diagnosis of young onset Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Early symptoms in young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) may be misinterpreted, causing delayed diagnosis. This population-based study aimed to map adverse occupational events preceding YOAD diagnosis as potential prodromal signs.

Methods: In a register-based, incidence density matched nested case-control study, we examined unemployment and long-term sick leave among individuals diagnosed with YOAD in Danish memory clinics between 2016 and 2022 compared to controls over a 13-year period.

The development of a tool to assess cow quality of life based on system-level attributes across pastoral dairy farms.

Progress has been made in developing cow welfare assessment protocols that focus on the cow; however, system-level assessment has received less attention. This paper presents a process undertaken to develop a tool to identify opportunities and risks for cow quality of life at the system level across pastoral dairy farms and piloting the tool in New Zealand. The Farm System Welfare Assessment Tool incorporates elements from the Five Domains Model and is based on four domains (nutrition, health, physical environment, and behavioural interactions) and a fifth area 'people' with 21 system attributes captured under these areas that are assessed through on-farm visits.

Comparing the Introduction and Implementation of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) in Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States: An Integrative Review.

Previous studies suggest that NIPT's implementation differed widely across countries but offer limited insight into what shaped these differences. To address this gap, we conducted an in-depth analysis of how NIPT was incorporated into prenatal care in the US, the Netherlands, and Japan-countries with similar economic status-to identify actionable lessons. We conducted an integrative literature review on the process of introducing and implementing NIPT, stakeholders' roles, documented considerations in the decision to introduce NIPT, implementation choices, and NIPT uptake.

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030.

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact-and possibly depend on-changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change.

Long-term mortality of Dutch COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care medicine: a retrospective analysis from a national quality registry.

Objective: To describe the 12-month mortality of Dutch COVID-19 intensive care unit patients, the total COVID-19 population and various subgroups on the basis of the number of comorbidities, age, sex, mechanical ventilation, and vasoactive medication use.

Methods: We included all patients admitted with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and March 29, 2022, from the Dutch National Intensive Care (NICE) database. The crude 12-month mortality rate is presented via Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each patient subgroup.

Relationships between paddock-level pasture mass and cow data derived from GPS and behavior-monitoring on-animal sensors in rotationally grazed dairy systems.

Data from behavior-monitoring and location (global positioning system) devices fitted to dairy cows may improve our understanding of how animal behavior and movement are associated with feed availability and quality. We hypothesized that data from behavior-monitoring and location sensors may be associated with feed availability in a paddock within a rotationally grazed dairy system. To investigate this, 100 cows were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n = 25 cows per group) and allocated to different target pasture allocations to meet either 80%, 100%, or 120% of their estimated ME requirements across 2 experimental periods (n = 20 d per experimental period), during late spring (experimental period 1; November 7 to November 26, 2021) and late summer (experimental period 2; February 27 to March 18, 2022).

Factors affecting couples' decision making about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening.

Purpose: To assess intended parents' preferences about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening.

Methods: A survey was administered to couples who were pregnant or trying to conceive. Partners within couples were independently asked about willingness to seek prenatal cell-free DNA screening for diseases and traits that varied by severity, treatability, age of onset, and reliability.

Allogenic MSC infusion in kidney transplantation recipients promotes within 4 hours distinct B cell and T cell phenotypes.

Background: Infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been proposed as immune-modulatory therapy in solid organ transplantation. The use of allogenic MSCs could improve standardization and allow for direct availability of the product.

Method: The nonrandomized phase Ib Neptune clinical trial provided safety and feasibility data on the use of allogenic bone-marrow-derived MSCs, infused in 10 patients at week 25 and 26 post kidney transplantation.

Milk component ratios and their associations with energy balance indicators and serum calcium concentration in early-lactation spring-calving pasture-based dairy cows.

Indirect assessment of metabolic status using milk samples provides a noninvasive and objective tool for cow-level health monitoring. Milk fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) has been commonly evaluated as an indirect measure for negative energy balance in confined dairy cows. However, milk component ratios have not been explored for their association with pasture-based cows' metabolic status.

Women's Experiences With a Pregnancy Relapse Prevention Plan to Prevent Mental Health Symptom Relapse.

Objective: To describe the experiences of women with a mental health diagnosis with making and using a pregnancy relapse prevention plan (PRPP) in an effort to prevent mental health symptom relapse during the period of pregnancy, birth, and postpartum.

Design: Qualitative design with a phenomenological approach.

Setting: Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic within a "psychiatry and pregnancy" mental health institute in the Netherlands.

The relation between preoperative radiological sarcopenia and postoperative recovery of physical activity in older surgical cancer patients; an explorative study.

To identify older surgical cancer patients at risk of decreased postoperative recovery of physical activity (PA), this study assesses whether preoperative radiological sarcopenia (RS) is associated with a decreased ability to return to baseline PA. RS was defined as decreased psoas muscle mass or -density by gender-specific cut-offs on CT-scans at level of vertebra L3. PA was assessed as steps/day measured with PA tracker and recovery of PA was defined as >90% of preoperative steps/day at 3 months postoperatively.

Public Views on Whether the Use of Pharmaceutical Neuroenhancements Should Be Allowed.

Background And Objectives: Some individuals are using drugs to try to enhance cognitive and social-affective functioning and asking physicians for off-label prescriptions for neuroenhancement (e.g., stimulants).

Reduced noise in the emergency department: the impact on staff well-being and room acoustics.

Background And Introduction: The ED is often perceived as noisy. Excessive noise has deleterious effects on health and productivity. This study evaluated if a package of noise-reducing interventions altered workload, physical complaints, productivity and room acoustics.

IDO Endothelial Cells in Glomeruli of Kidney Transplantation Patients With Glomerulitis.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, long-term graft survival remains a challenge. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects with IDO transcripts being elevated in both antibody-mediated rejection and T cell-mediated rejection.

Short communication: Temporal profiles of colostrum and milk haptoglobin and substance P in early lactation multiparous Holstein cows.

Milk markers have the potential to aid in the detection of cow disease in early lactation if the automation of milk analysis becomes commonplace. Characterising temporal profiles of milk markers in dairy cows will improve the understanding of basal concentrations in clinically healthy cows. The objective of this observational study was to characterise the variation and temporal profiles of colostrum and milk haptoglobin (Hp) and substance P concentrations within 21 days postcalving in clinically healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows.

The effect of computerised decision support alerts tailored to intensive care on the administration of high-risk drug combinations, and their monitoring: a cluster randomised stepped-wedge trial.

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can harm patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Yet, clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) aimed at helping physicians prevent DDIs are plagued by low-yield alerts, causing alert fatigue and compromising patient safety. The aim of this multicentre study was to evaluate the effect of tailoring potential DDI alerts to the ICU setting on the frequency of administered high-risk drug combinations.

The Association Between Intraoperative Compromised Intestinal Integrity and Postoperative Complications in Cancer Patients.

Background: Because of perioperative splanchnic hypoperfusion, the gut wall becomes more permeable for intraluminal microbes to enter the splanchnic circulation, possibly contributing to development of complications. Hypoperfusion-related injured enterocytes release intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) into plasma, which is used as proxy of intestinal integrity. This study investigates the occurrence of intestinal integrity loss during oncologic surgery, measured by I-FABP change.

Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank.

Importance: There is limited information on modifiable risk factors for young-onset dementia (YOD).

Objective: To examine factors that are associated with the incidence of YOD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank, with baseline assessment between 2006 and 2010 and follow-up until March 31, 2021, for England and Scotland, and February 28, 2018, for Wales.

Precarious hope: Ethical considerations for offering experimental fetal therapies outside of research after initial studies in humans.

Objective: Risks and benefits of experimental fetal therapies can remain uncertain after initial clinical studies, especially long-term effects. Nevertheless, pregnant individuals may request them, hoping to benefit their future child. Guidance about offering experimental fetal therapies outside research (as "innovative therapy") is limited, despite their ethical complexity.

Should Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation in Pediatric Patients with Turner Syndrome Be Limited to the Research Setting?

Now that ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) has become standard of care for patients receiving gonadotoxic therapies, discussion has turned toward offering OTC to pediatric patients with Turner syndrome outside of research. Although patients with Turner syndrome have unmet fertility needs and the authors support efforts for fertility preservation in these individuals, safety and efficacy data about OTC in this population are limited. Building on longstanding debates around offering experimental therapies as research or outside of research (as "innovative therapy"), we considered the suitability of offering OTC for patients with Turner syndrome as innovative therapy.