Digestive decontamination in burn patients: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and observational studies.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) or non-absorbable enteral antibiotics (EA) on mortality, the incidence of infection and its adverse effects in burn patients.

Material And Methods: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) or observational studies enrolling burn patients, and comparing SDD or EA prophylaxis with placebo or no treatment. The search includes Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, WOS, Cochrane Library (1970-2015).

Is selective digestive decontamination useful in controlling aerobic gram-negative bacilli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases?

Aims: To identify outbreak episodes of either carriage or infection due to extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (AGNB-ESBL); to establish whether AGNB-ESBL, sensitive to tobramycin, become resistant over time; and to evaluate the impact of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on abnormal carriage of AGNB-ESBL.

Design And Setting: All children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a 12-month period had biweekly surveillance cultures of throat and rectum and diagnostic cultures when clinically indicated. All AGNB were tested for ESBL, and the positive isolates were sent for molecular typing.

Gut overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) results in linezolid-resistant mutation in a child with severe congenital neutropenia: a case report.

A child with severe congenital neutropenia was monitored with microbiologic surveillance cultures for 3 years. He had recurrent bacterial infections and carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Resistance to linezolid emerged in the colonizing vancomycin-resistant enterococci after each course of this antibiotic when enterococci were present in overgrowth in the gut before treatment.

High mortality of invasive pneumococcal disease compared with meningococcal disease in critically ill children.

Objective: To ascertain outcome, patterns of disease, incidence of concurrent infection, superinfection and penicillin resistance in children requiring intensive care for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and compare it to a similar disease pattern, namely Neisseria meningitidis b infection.

Design And Setting: Prospective cohort study in a regional paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Patients And Participants: Children with invasive pneumococcal and meningococcal disease requiring intensive care.

Impact of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on fungal carriage and infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To determine the impact of the antifungal component of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on fungal carriage, infection and fungaemia.

Design: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract.

Study Selection: Data sources included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, previous meta-analyses, personal communications and conference proceedings, without restriction of language or publication status.

Infections in patients requiring ventilation in intensive care: application of a new classification.

OBJECTIVE: To classify infections according to the carrier state determined by surveillance cultures of throat and rectum, rather than by the traditional criterion of the time of onset after admission. METHODS: An observational cohort study of 3 months' duration was performed in a mixed medical---surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a district general hospital of a subset of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for 3 days. Surveillance cultures from throat and rectum were obtained on admission to the ICU and then twice weekly to distinguish carriage of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) brought in by the patient from microorganisms acquired during the ICU stay.