Evaluation of transdermal fentanyl patch attachment in dogs and analysis of residual fentanyl content following removal.

Objective: To investigate whether the method used to attach matrix-type fentanyl patches influences the degree of skin attachment and the amount of active drug remaining in patches after use.

Study Design: Prospective, randomised clinical study.

Study Population: Fifteen adult dogs of mixed breeds.

Fentanyl transdermal absorption linked to pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients undergoing palliative care.

Delivery rates and plasma concentrations vary among patients treated with fentanyl patches. Absorption and urinary excretion characteristics of fentanyl were studied in patients undergoing palliative care. Almost 500 patches were analyzed for residual fentanyl content.

Validated GC-MS analysis for the determination of residual fentanyl in applied Durogesic reservoir and Durogesic D-Trans matrix transdermal fentanyl patches.

The method development and validation characteristics are described of a simple gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analytical procedure to determine residual fentanyl in used Durogesic reservoir patches and Durogesic D-Trans matrix technology based systems to estimate the actual rate of transdermal fentanyl delivered in individual patients. The sample preparation protocol constituting a saline based extraction of sets of new patches of each nominal dose available, resulted in fentanyl extraction recoveries to increase steadily as a function of increasing extraction time. For the reservoir type transdermal therapeutic system (TTS), fentanyl extraction efficiencies at equilibrium (16 h) ranged from approximately 60% (100-microg/h TTS) to 95% (25-microg/h TTS), whereas for the matrix type system considerable lower recoveries were demonstrated for the highest nominal dose rates (35%-52%), while reaching 90% for the 25-microg/h system.

Development and validation of a highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening method for the simultaneous determination of nanogram levels of fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil in air and surface contamination wipes.

A highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analytical method for the determination of the opioid narcotics fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil in industrial hygiene personal air samples and surface contamination wipes was developed and comprehensively validated. Sample preparation involved a single step extraction of the samples with methanol, fortified with a fixed amount of the penta-deuterated analogues of the opioid narcotics as internal standard. The GC-MS analytical procedure using selected ion monitoring (SIM) was shown to be highly selective.

Highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening method for the determination of picogram levels of fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil and their major metabolites in urine of opioid exposed workers.

Highly sensitive and specific analytical GC-MS procedures were developed and comprehensively validated for the determination of the opioid narcotics fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil and their major nor-metabolites in urine of potentially exposed opioid production workers. A simple, one step extraction protocol was developed using commercially available solid phase extraction (SPE) columns to recover all analytes from urine. The secondary amine functionalities of the nor-metabolites were derivatized to form stable, pentafluorobenzamide (PFBA)-derivatives with good chromatographic properties.