A scaling law to model the effectiveness of identification techniques.

AI techniques are increasingly being used to identify individuals both offline and online. However, quantifying their effectiveness at scale and, by extension, the risks they pose remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a two-parameter Bayesian model for exact matching techniques and derive an analytical expression for correctness (κ), the fraction of people accurately identified in a population.

Artificial intelligence for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning: A scoping review.

Objectives: To provide an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, and to evaluate whether AI improves accuracy, reliability, and time efficiency compared to expert-based manual approaches, while highlighting its current limitations.

Data: This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.

Sources: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases.

A survey and analysis of peri-operative quality indicators promoted by National Societies of Anaesthesiologists in Europe: The EQUIP project.

Background: To capture preventable peri-operative patient harm and guide improvement initiatives, many quality indicators (QIs) have been developed. Several National Anaesthesiologists Societies (NAS) in Europe have implemented quality indicators. To date, the definitions, validity and dissemination of such quality indicators, and their comparability with validated published indicators are unknown.

Circulating T cell status and molecular imaging may predict clinical benefit of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in oral cancer.

Background: Addition of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition to standard-of-care interventions for locally advanced oral cancer could improve clinical outcome.

Methods: In this study, 16 evaluable patients with stage III/IV oral cancer were treated with one dose of 480 mg nivolumab 3 weeks prior to surgery. Primary objectives were safety, feasibility, and suitability of programmed death receptor ligand-1 positron emission tomography (PD-L1 PET) as a biomarker for response.

Swallowing outcomes after transoral robotic surgery and adjuvant treatment in unknown primary.

Objectives: Robotic transoral mucosectomy of the base of tongue was introduced as a diagnostic procedure in patients treated for head and neck cancer with unknown primary (CUP), increasing the identification rate of the primary tumour. For the treatment of CUP, a considerable percentage of patients require adjuvant (chemo)radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate swallowing outcomes among CUP patients after TORS and adjuvant treatment.

Can artificial intelligence-driven cephalometric analysis replace manual tracing? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated landmark detection for cephalometric analysis on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.

Search Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and grey literature with search timeline extending up to January 2024.

Selection Criteria: Studies that employed AI for 2D or 3D cephalometric landmark detection were included.

Sucrose phosphorylase from Alteromonas mediterranea: Structural insight into the regioselective α-glucosylation of (+)-catechin.

Sucrose phosphorylases, through transglycosylation reactions, are interesting enzymes that can transfer regioselectively glucose from sucrose, the donor substrate, onto acceptors like flavonoids to form glycoconjugates and hence modulate their solubility and bioactivity. Here, we report for the first time the structure of sucrose phosphorylase from the marine bacteria Alteromonas mediterranea (AmSP) and its enzymatic properties. Kinetics of sucrose hydrolysis and transglucosylation capacities on (+)-catechin were investigated.

In Vitro Model of Prepacked Carbon Dioxide Absorber Use: Development and Testing.

Background: Carbon dioxide absorbers allow the use of fresh gas flow below minute ventilation (V˙E). Models are developed and tested in vitro to quantify their performance with variable carbon dioxide load (V˙CO2), fresh gas flow, V˙E, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco2) fraction, and the type of workstation used.

Methods: First principles are used to derive a linear relationship between fresh gas flow and fractional canister usage or FCU0.

Changes in multidisciplinary team decisions in a high volume head and neck oncological center following those made in its preferred partner.

Objective: Head and neck cancer care is highly complex, and multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs) are vital for improved outcomes. In the Netherlands, head and neck cancer care is practiced in eight high-volume head and neck oncologic centers (HNOC) and six affiliated hospitals preferred partner (PP) centers. Patients treated in the PP are presented and discussed in the HNOC.

UAS™-A Urine Preservative for Oncology Applications.

Liquid biopsy is a revolutionary tool that is gaining momentum in the field of cancer research. As a body fluid, urine can be used in non-invasive diagnostics for various types of cancer. We investigated the performance of UAS™ as a preservative for urinary analytes.

Regioselective glucosylation of (+)-catechin using a new variant of sucrose phosphorylase from .

Mutation Q345F in sucrose phosphorylase from (SP) has shown to allow efficient (+)-catechin glucosylation yielding a regioisomeric mixture: (+)-catechin-3'--α-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-catechin-5--α-D-glucopyranoside and (+)-catechin-3',5--α-D-diglucopyranoside with a ratio of 51 : 25 : 24. Here, we efficiently increased the control of (+)-catechin glucosylation regioselectivity with a new variant Q345F/P134D. The same products were obtained with a ratio of 82 : 9 : 9.

A Rare Case of Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of the Maxilla.

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are rare, benign tumours that are mostly found in the tooth-bearing areas of the mandible or maxilla and can be seen on cone-beam computed tomography.

Disparate biomechanical properties of the aorta in non-aneurysmal and aneurysmal mice treated with angiotensin II.

In vivo angiotensin II (AngII)-treatment is a widely used experimental model to induce cardiovascular disease and results in a high likelihood of abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) formation. This involves progressive and irreversible focal dilation of the abdominal aorta and induces adverse aortic connective tissue remodeling contributing to aortic wall stiffening through inflammation, elastin degradation, and collagen restructuring. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate how AAA formation in AngII-treated mice affects aortic function and biomechanics.

The science behind banning desflurane: A narrative review.

Potent inhaled anaesthetics are halogenated hydrocarbons with a large global warming effect. The use of fluorinated hydrocarbons (most are not anaesthetics) are being restricted but volatile anaesthetics have been exempted from legislation, until now: the EU has formulated a proposal to ban or at least severely restrict the use of desflurane starting January 2026. This narrative review addresses the implications of a politics-driven decision - without prior consultation with major stakeholders, such as the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) - on daily anaesthesia practice and reviews the potential scientific arguments that would support stopping the routine use of desflurane in anaesthetic practice.

Arterial to end-tidal CO gradients during isocapnic hyperventilation.

Isocapnic hyperventilation (ICHV) is occasionally used to maintain the end-expired CO partial pressure (PCO) when the inspired CO (PCO) rises. Whether maintaining PCO with ICHV during an increase of the PCO also maintains arterial PCO (PCO) remains poorly documented. 12 ASA PS I-II subjects undergoing a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) (n = 11) or cystectomy (n = 1) under general endotracheal anesthesia with sevoflurane in O/air (40% inspired O) were enrolled.

Aortic Stiffness in L-NAME Treated C57Bl/6 Mice Displays a Shift From Early Endothelial Dysfunction to Late-Term Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction.

Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a cardiovascular aging hallmark. Administration of nitric oxide synthase blocker N-Ω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) constitutes a well-known small animal model of cardiovascular aging. Despite extensive phenotypic characterization, the exact aortic function changes in L-NAME treated mice are largely unknown.

Progressive aortic stiffness in aging C57Bl/6 mice displays altered contractile behaviour and extracellular matrix changes.

Aortic stiffness is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This study presents an in-dept characterization of aortic aging in male C57Bl/6 mice (2-24 months). Cardiovascular measurements include echocardiography, blood pressure measurement, and ex vivo organ chamber experiments.