Preliminary Effectiveness of a One-Week Summer Day Camp for Improving Children's Health Behaviors and Psychosocial Well-Being Outcomes.

Purpose: Summer day camp offers children opportunities to grow knowledge and skills, be physically active, and have fun. Compared to healthy children, at-risk children (i.e.

Validation of remote assessment of preschool children's anthropometrics and motor skills.

Introduction: Remotely delivered treatment and research procedures were rapidly adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear if these measures are valid. The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of anthropometry and motor skill proficiency measurements collected in a remote-setting to in-person setting among a sample of children ages 3-4 years.

Direct-to-Biology Accelerates PROTAC Synthesis and the Evaluation of Linker Effects on Permeability and Degradation.

A platform to accelerate optimization of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has been developed using a direct-to-biology (D2B) approach with a focus on linker effects. A large number of linker analogs-with varying length, polarity, and rigidity-were rapidly prepared and characterized in four cell-based assays by streamlining time-consuming steps in synthesis and purification. The expansive dataset informs on linker structure-activity relationships (SAR) for in-cell E3 ligase target engagement, degradation, permeability, and cell toxicity.

mHealth Intervention for Motor Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: Children's motor skills are a critical foundation for physical activity. The objective was to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of a mobile app-based intervention delivered to parents to improve preschoolers' motor skills.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial randomly assigned children to : (1) Motor Skills, including instructional lessons, peer modeling videos, behavioral scaffolding, and structured activities or 2) Free Play.

Development of an efficient marker-free soybean transformation method using the novel bacterium Ochrobactrum haywardense H1.

We have discovered a novel bacterium, Ochrobactrum haywardense H1 (Oh H1), which is capable of efficient plant transformation. Ochrobactrum is a new host for Agrobacterium-derived vir and T-DNA-mediated transformation. Oh H1 is a unique, non-phytopathogenic species, categorized as a BSL-1 organism.

Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor CT-101 induces γ-globin gene expression in sickle erythroid progenitors with targeted epigenetic effects.

Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression ameliorates the clinical severity and prolong survival in persons with sickle cell disease (SCD). Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA-approved HbF inducer however, additional therapeutics that produce an additive effect in SCD are needed. To this end, development of potent Class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for HbF induction represents a rational molecularly targeted approach.

well-being in early adulthood among repeat versus one-time teenage mothers.

Teenage mothers are known to be at elevated risk for poor socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. However, little is known about the socioeconomic outcomes of mothers who bear multiple children during the teenage years (repeat teenage mothers) compared to one-time teenage mothers. This study examines socioeconomic outcomes in the mid- to late 20s of repeat teenage mothers compared to one-time teenage mothers in a national U.

Mass food challenges in a vacant COVID-19 stepdown facility: Exceptional opportunity provides a model for the future.

Background: Internationally, the COVID-19 pandemic severely curtailed access to hospital facilities for those awaiting elective/semi-elective procedures. For allergic children in Ireland, already waiting up to 4 years for an elective oral food challenge (OFC), the restrictions signified indefinite delay. At the time of the initiative, there were approx 900 children on the Children's Health Ireland (CHI) waiting list.

Determinants of Long-acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Initial and Continued Use among Adolescents in the United States.

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has gained attention as a promising strategy for preventing unintended adolescent pregnancies in the United States. However, LARC use among adolescents at risk for pregnancy remains low compared to women in their 20s. The purpose of the current study was to synthesize the empirical literature published between 2010 and 2018 identifying the facilitators of and barriers to adolescents' (< age 20) LARC use in the United States.

The Adaptive GameSquad Xbox-Based Physical Activity and Health Coaching Intervention for Youth With Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Diagnoses: Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses (NPDs) in youth is increasing, and unhealthy physical activity (PA), diet, screen time, and sleep habits contribute to the chronic disease disparities and behavioral challenges this population experiences.

Objective: This pilot study aims to adapt a proven exergaming and telehealth PA coaching intervention for typically developing youth with overweight or obesity; expand it to address diet, screen, and sleep behaviors; and then test its feasibility and acceptability, including PA engagement, among youth with NPDs.

Methods: Participants (N=23; mean age 15.

Mechanisms linking teenage mothers' educational attainment with self-reported health at age 50.

Background: Early childbearing is associated with adverse health and well-being throughout the life course for women in the United States. As education continues to be a modifiable social determinant of health after a young woman gives birth, the association of increased educational attainment with long-term health for women who begin childbearing as teenagers is worthy of investigation.

Methods: Data are from 301 mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 who gave birth prior to age 19.

Direct Oxidation of Aryl Malononitriles Enabling a Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Carbochlorination.

A copper-catalyzed carbochlorination of alkenes with aryl malononitriles and chloride is disclosed. This net oxidative transformation proceeds with activated and unactivated alkenes with moderate to excellent yields. Mechanism experiments suggest addition of the malononitrile radical to form a secondary carbon radical which is intercepted by a chloride source.

Effect of Bifidobacterium crudilactis and 3'-sialyllactose on the toddler microbiota using the SHIME® model.

The important changes in diet during the first years of life strongly modulate the intestinal microbiota of young children. Among in vitro digestive models, the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) model, seems particularly adapted to study the effects of prebiotics and/or probiotics on the dynamic microbiota of toddlers. The main purpose of this study was to investigate different formulations with prebiotic (3'-sialyllactose: 3'SL) and probiotic (Bifidobacterium crudilactis FR/62/b/3) effects on young child microbiota using the SHIME® model.

Copper Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Tertiary Carbon Centers.

We describe herein a Cu(OTf) catalyzed oxidative arylation of a tertiary carbon-containing substrate including aryl malononitriles, 3-aryl benzofuran-2-ones, and 3-aryl oxindoles. In some cases, the nitrile groups of the aryl malononitriles undergo further reactions leading to lactones or imines. These reaction conditions are applicable for a range of arenes, including phenols, anilines, anisoles, and heteroarenes.

Health Behaviors and Prenatal Health Conditions in Repeat Vs First-time Teenage Mothers in the United States: 2015-2018.

Study Objective: Repeat teenage mothers, those who give birth to a second or higher-order infant before age 20 years, are at elevated risk for adverse perinatal outcomes compared with first-time teenage mothers. The objective of the current study was to compare the prevalence of negative pregnancy-related behaviors and gestational health conditions in the national United States population of first-time and repeat teenage mothers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study using annual US birth data files from 2015 to 2018, N = 799,756 (673,394 [84.

Pregnancy (im)possibilities: identifying factors that influence sexual minority women's pregnancy desires.

Sexual minority women (SMW) face both increased risk for unintended pregnancy and barriers to achieving wanted pregnancy, but little research investigates SMW's pregnancy desires. To fill this gap, we conducted five focus groups and 11 in-depth interviews with 20-30-year-old SMW in three US cities. Findings highlight that the heteronormative pregnancy planning paradigm lacks salience for SMW.

Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Supplementation Among Mexican-Origin Women in Texas.

Background: Mexican-origin women breastfeed at similar rates as white women in the United States, yet they usually breastfeed for less time. In our study, we seek to identify differences in Mexican-origin women's breastfeeding intentions, initiation, continuation, and supplementation across nativity and country-of-education groups.

Methods: The data are from a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18 to 44 recruited from 8 Texas hospitals.

A Randomized Community-based Exercise Training Trial in African American Men: Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men.

Purpose: To examine the impact of a community-based exercise training intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men (ARTIIS) study randomized participants into either an exercise training intervention or an information only control group for 5 months. The exercise training intervention consisted of 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic activity and 2 d of resistance training per week, consistent with the current federal physical activity guidelines.

Peer Leader Reflections on Promoting Discussion in Peer Group-Learning Sessions: Reflective and Practiced Advice through Collaborative Annual Peer-Advice Books.

As research has shown, collaborative peer learning is effective for improving student learning. Peer-led team learning (PLTL) is one well-known collaborative-group approach in which groups are facilitated by trained undergraduate peer leaders. This paper contributes to the literature on peer-leader training by examining how peer leaders for a large introductory science course translate their training into practice during their sessions.

Palladium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of sp vs sp C-H Bonds: Oxidative Coupling To Form Quaternary Centers.

The oxidative activation of alkyl C-H bonds vs arene C-H bonds with Pd(OAc) has been found to be generalizable to a number of nucleophilic substrates allowing the formation of a range of hindered quaternary centers. The substrates share a common mechanistic path wherein Pd(II) initiates an oxidative dimerization. The resultant dimer modifies the palladium catalyst to favor activation of alkyl C-H bonds in contrast to the trends typically observed via a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism.

Sexual Minority Women and Contraceptive Use: Complex Pathways Between Sexual Orientation and Health Outcomes.

Compared with their heterosexual peers, sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., queer, bisexual, lesbian, pansexual) have an elevated risk for unintended pregnancy.

County-Level Clustering and Characteristics of Repeat Versus First Teen Births in the United States, 2015-2017.

Purpose: Approximately 16% of U.S. births to women aged 15-19 years are repeat (second or higher order) births.

Sexual Minority Women's Experiences With Sexual Identity Disclosure in Contraceptive Care.

Objective: To describe a group of young sexual minority women's experiences with and preferences for sexual identity disclosure in the context of contraceptive care.

Methods: In Chicago, Illinois, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Madison, Wisconsin, investigators conducted five focus groups (n=22) and 11 interviews with women aged 20-30 years who identified as something other than heterosexual. Focus groups explored social norms regarding contraceptive care; interviews documented individual experiences with contraceptive care.