Comparison of infusion rates of three i.v. anaesthetic agents for induction in elderly patients.

We have compared the effect of different rates of injection of 2.5% thiopentone, 0.5% methohexitone and 0.

Estimating past exposure to indoor radon from household glass.

CR-39 plastic was attached to household glass objects to learn whether residual radioactivity from radon decay products could be measured and correlated with cumulative radon exposures over defined time periods. Such an approach could be used to increase the completeness of exposure data collected in epidemiologic studies of residential radon. Inability to estimate radon concentrations for all residences adversely effects statistical power and thus the ability to detect an effect of radon exposure on lung cancer risk.

Reconstitution of thromboxane A2 receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in isolated platelet membranes: involvement of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-beta and GTP-binding protein Gq.

Activation of human platelets by the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane A2 and the thromboxane A2 mimic U46619 is mediated through phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-catalysed hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. We have established conditions to reconstitute U46619-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown by addition of guanine nucleotides and soluble platelet phospholipase C activities to isolated 32P-labelled membranes. Receptor-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was observed in the presence of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) or GTP plus U46619.

Proton-linked L-rhamnose transport, and its comparison with L-fucose transport in Enterobacteriaceae.

1. An alkaline pH change occurred when L-rhamnose, L-mannose or L-lyxose was added to L-rhamnose-grown energy-depleted suspensions of strains of Escherichia coli. This is diagnostic of sugar-H+ symport activity.

An antithrombin III assay based on factor Xa inhibition provides a more reliable test to identify congenital antithrombin III deficiency than an assay based on thrombin inhibition.

Objectives: To determine whether functional antithrombin III (AT-III) levels measured by a factor Xa inhibition (AT-III-Xa) assay identifies AT-III deficient individuals more reliably than functional AT-III levels measured by a thrombin inhibition (AT-III-IIa) assay.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Patient Population: Sixty-seven members of a large family with type 2 AT-III deficiency.

Toxicokinetics of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in rat isolated perfused liver.

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a skin-penetrating solvent able to induce hepatic damage after chronic exposure. Previous research has indicated that metabolism may be saturated at its present TLV/TWA (10 ppm). Biological monitoring of monomethylacetamide (MMAc), the primary metabolite of DMAc, might therefore underestimate exposure to DMAc and related health hazards.

What, me worry? A survey of adolescents' concerns.

Adolescence is generally regarded as a time of transition demanding considerable adaptation. Failing to successfully negotiate the developmental hurdles associated with this period can have serious physical and psychosocial consequences (e.g.

Metabolites of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in urine samples of workers in polyvinylchloride processing industries.

Little is known about occupational exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (CAS number 117-81-7), a compound widely used in polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics. We have studied the uptake of DEHP in workers by determining the concentrations of four metabolites of DEHP in urine samples, i.e.

Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after infiltration for cleft palate surgery.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after local infiltration for cleft palate surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, lignocaine 2.5 mg kg-1 with adrenaline 1:200,000 was injected into the palate.

A canine model for studying laryngospasm and its prevention.

Laryngospasm, if prolonged, can result in serious sequelae due to the lack of a uniformly effective treatment. Prevention, therefore, through pharmacologic intervention, is an attractive concept. In order to study the effects of various drugs in preventing laryngospasm, a reliable animal model capable of producing sequential, repetitive episodes of laryngospasm is necessary.

Mammalian nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive nucleoside transport proteins. Immunological evidence that transporters differing in size and inhibitor specificity share sequence homology.

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter of human erythrocyte membranes. On Western blots of these membranes they labeled the broad "band 4.5" region (average apparent M(r) 55,000), which contains both the nucleoside and glucose transport proteins.

Retinoic acid and phorbol ester synergistically up-regulate IL-8 expression and specifically modulate protein kinase C-epsilon in human skin fibroblasts.

Phorbol ester (TPA) and retinoic acid (RA) are two potent immunomodulatory agents whose actions are mediated through distinct signal transduction pathways involving protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear RA receptors, respectively. We have investigated the interactions between these two pathways in the regulation of expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human skin fibroblasts. TPA (as previously reported) and RA both induced IL-8 mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Translocation of protein kinase C isozymes in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. Correlation with 1,2-diacylglycerol levels.

Human platelets were found by immunoblot analysis to express protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes alpha, beta, delta, and zeta, but not gamma, epsilon, or eta. Exposure of platelets to thrombin, in the presence of 1 mM calcium, induced increased membrane association of PKC-alpha, -beta, and -zeta, while the subcellular distribution of PKC-delta remained unaltered. Maximal membrane association (2-fold) of PKC-alpha, -beta, and -zeta occurred within 1 min and was sustained for at least 10 min after the addition of thrombin.

Membrane transport proteins: implications of sequence comparisons.

Analyses of the sequences and structures of many transport proteins that differ in substrate specificity, direction of transport and mechanism of transport suggest that they form a family of related proteins. Their sequence similarities imply a common mechanism of action. This hypothesis provides an objective basis for examining their mechanisms of action and relationships to other transporters.

Influence of oxygen supply on liver condition and elimination of dimethylacetamide in the isolated perfused rat liver.

The effects were studied of improved oxygen supply on the integrity and metabolic activity towards dimethylacetamide of the isolated perfused rat liver. Improvement of oxygen supply by increased medium oxygenation or addition of chemical oxygen carriers (perfluortributylamine) or erythrocytes led to increased bile secretion. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase could be prevented during a 1-hr perfusion when either chemical oxygen carriers or erythrocytes were added.

Isocapnia blocks exercise-induced reductions in ocular tension.

Previous reports suggest that isometric exercise (2-min handgrip at 50% maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) substantially lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). The authors questioned whether the mechanism for lowered IOP in exercise is secondary to hyperventilation. Accordingly, in this study 11 subjects, with elevated IOP (greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg) and otherwise healthy, did 2 min of handgrip exercise at 50% MVC with and without carbon dioxide supplementation to maintain isocapnic conditions.

Measurement of markers of activated coagulation in antithrombin III deficient subjects.

Functional antithrombin III levels were measured by factor Xa inhibition in 63 members of a large family with type 2 antithrombin III deficiency and individuals were classified as antithrombin III deficient or non-deficient according to the results. F1 + 2 and TAT complexes were measured using an ELISA and FPA levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Thirty subjects (48%) were classified as antithrombin III deficient and 33 (52%) as antithrombin III non-deficient.

Thrombosis in antithrombin-III-deficient persons. Report of a large kindred and literature review.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of objectively proven thrombotic complications in antithrombin-III-deficient persons.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study and a critical review of the literature.

Data Sources And Extraction: The prevalence of thrombosis in antithrombin III-deficient and -nondeficient family members of a large kindred was estimated by history, review of diagnostic tests, and examination for venous reflux by Doppler ultrasonography, as an indicator of previous venous thrombosis.

Mapping, cloning, expression, and sequencing of the rhaT gene, which encodes a novel L-rhamnose-H+ transport protein in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.

A L-rhamnose transport-negative strain of Escherichia coli was generated by Mu d(ApR,lac)I mutagenesis. This strain was used to isolate a clone of Salmonella typhimurium DNA that encoded L-rhamnose-H+ transport activity, the gene for which, rhaT, was sequenced. The rhaT gene was mapped on the E.

Impact of a pharmacist/physician cooperative target drug monitoring program on prophylactic antibiotic prescribing in obstetrics and gynecology.

The pharmacist's role in promoting rational, cost-effective use of drugs has been described in the literature. In a target drug monitoring program (TDMP), a single agent or group of agents becomes targeted for review. Antibiotics have been the primary focus of TDMP because of their therapeutic impact and cost considerations.

Studies of translocation catalysis.

There is a symbiotic relationship between the evolution of fundamental theory and the winning of experimentally-based knowledge. The impact of the General Chemiosmotic Theory on our understanding of the nature of membrane transport processes is described and discussed. The history of experimental studies on transport catalysed by ionophore antibiotics and the membrane proteins of mitochondria and bacteria are used to illustrate the evolution of knowledge and theory.