Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels in children and their relationship with sex steroids.

Objective: Puberty is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Sexual hormones have been related with the onset of insulin resistance, but their relationship with non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating NEFA levels in population-based samples of prepubertal children and adolescents and to analyze the association of NEFA with obesity, insulin resistance, and sexual hormones in adolescents.

Fat intake influences the effect of the hepatic lipase C-514T polymorphism on HDL-cholesterol levels in children.

Polymorphisms in the hepatic lipase gene have been associated with variability in plasma HDL-C concentrations, but contradictory results have been reported regarding the effect of diet on this association in adults. In our study, we examined whether dietary fat intake modified the association between lipid levels and the C-514T polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC C-514T) in prepubescent children. The LIPC C-514T polymorphism was determined by PCR and restriction analysis in 1260 healthy school children, aged 6-8.

Maternal and fetal fatty acid profile in normal and intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies with and without preeclampsia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal and fetal lipid profile in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE). Thirteen normal pregnancies studied during the third trimester (control M) and 29 at elective cesarean section (control CS) were compared with 18 pregnancies complicated by IUGR (IUGR only) and with seven pregnancies complicated by both IUGR and PE (IUGR-PE). Total plasma fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were determined in maternal and fetal plasma.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genetics and serum PON1 activity in prepubertal children in Spain.

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and may play a protective role against coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and PON1 in a Spanish prepubertal population with high plasma HDL-C levels.

Concentrated red grape juice exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects in both hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects.

Background: Patients treated with hemodialysis frequently experience cardiovascular complications attributed, among other causes, to dyslipidemia, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to study the effects of dietary supplementation with concentrated red grape juice (RGJ), a source of polyphenols, on lipoprotein profile, antioxidant capacity, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory biomarkers.

Design: Twenty-six patients receiving hemodialysis and 15 healthy subjects were instructed to drink 100 mL RGJ/d for 14 d.

Activation of phospholipase A2 is associated with generation of placental lipid signals and fetal obesity.

Context: Obesity and diabetes during pregnancy are associated with increased insulin resistance and higher neonatal adiposity. In turn, insulin resistance triggers inflammatory pathways with accumulation of placental cytokines.

Objective: To determine placental signals that translate into development of excess adipose tissue, we investigated the role of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) as targets of inflammatory mediators.

Obesity in Spanish schoolchildren: relationship with lipid profile and insulin resistance.

This article reports cross-sectional data from a total of 1048 children, 6 to 8 years of age, categorized by presence or absence of obesity, who participated in a voluntary survey of cardiovascular risk factors in Spain over the period of 1998 to 2000, to establish the relationship between obesity and its metabolic consequences at this age. The prevalence of obesity and overweight were 9.4% and 15.

Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on fat-soluble plasma antioxidants in Spanish children.

Background: Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a major determinant of plasma lipid concentrations, which in turn influence the plasma concentrations of various fat-soluble vitamins.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the effect of APOE genotype on fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in children.

Design: A total of 926 healthy boys and girls aged 6-8 y were selected from 4 cities in Spain.

Liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of different lipid-soluble antioxidants in human plasma and low-density lipoproteins.

We describe a reverse phase HPLC method, employing a simple methanol:water gradient as mobile phase, for the determination of several lipophilic antioxidants, such as retinol, gamma-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene among others, using UV detection. Additionally, this method allows the simultaneous separation of probucol, an hypocholesterolemic drug with antioxidant properties. Retinol acetate and alpha-tocopherol acetate were added to samples as internal standards.

Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate on the Apo E genotype influence on plasma lipid levels in prepubertal children.

Gender differences in the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype effect on plasma lipid levels reported in adults have also been found in pre-pubertal children. In adults, the difference seems to be due to the influence of sexual hormones. The reason why this difference exits between pre-pubertal girls and boys, for whom those sexual hormones are not different, is unclear.

Influence of birth weight on the apo E genetic determinants of plasma lipid levels in children.

To evaluate the influence of birth weight on apolipoprotein (apo) E genetic determinants of plasma lipids levels in prepubertal children we studied 933 healthy children (491 males and 442 females) 6 to 8 years old (mean age of 6.7 y), whose weight was recorded at birth. Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations and apo E genotypes were determined.

[Metabolic factors in school children population associated with adult cardiovascular mortality. Four provinces' study].

Background: Environmental factors in early stages of life may contribute to adult cardiovascular disease. We have examined certain anthropometric and biochemical variables in children aged 6-7 years from four Spanish provinces with high differences in mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Patients And Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 1,255 children (50.