brain abscess with lymphadenitis.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis refers to central nervous system infection by dematiaceous mould or by dark walled fungi which contain the dark pigment melanin in their cell wall which adds to the virulence of fungus. These dematiaceous fungi can cause a variety of central nervous infections including invasive sinusitis, brain abscess, meningitis, myelitis and arachnoiditis. among these dematiaceous fungi is the most common cause of brain abscess in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals and is known to occur worldwide though is predominantly reported from subtropical regions especially the Asian subcontinent.

Fungal necrotizing fasciitis, an emerging infectious disease caused by Apophysomyces (Mucorales).

Background: The mucoralean fungi are emerging causative agents of primary cutaneous infections presenting in the form of necrotizing fasciitis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate a series of suspected necrotizing fasciitis cases by Apophysomyces species over one-year period in a northern Indian hospital.

Methods: The clinical details of those patients suspected to suffer from fungal necrotizing fasciitis were recorded.

Determination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and AmpC Production in Uropathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli and Susceptibility to Fosfomycin.

Background: Urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli is one of the common problem in clinical practice. Various drug resistance mechanisms are making the bacteria resistant to higher group of drugs making the treatment options very limited. This study was undertaken to detect ESBLs and AmpC production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern with special reference to fosfomycin.

Health-care-associated infections: Risk factors and epidemiology from an intensive care unit in Northern India.

Background And Aims: Health-care-associated infection is a key factor determining the clinical outcome among patients admitted in critical care areas. The objective of the study was to ascertain the epidemiology and risk factors of health-care-associated infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This prospective, observational clinical study included patients admitted in ICU over a period of one and a half years.

Multiple subcutaneous cysts due to Exophiala spinifera in an immunocompetent patient.

Here we report a case of a 55-year-old Indian male presenting with multiple subcutaneous cysts, which developed from painful nodules at the dorsal right wrist joint. Subsequently a painful nodule appeared on the left knee joint. Cytological examination of the knee swelling revealed a suppurative inflammatory lesion consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells and few fungal elements, without involvement of the overlying skin.

Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent individual due to Thielavia subthermophila.

We report the first case of fatal brain infection in an Indian farmer caused by Thielavia subthermophila, a dematiaceous thermophilic fungus in the order Sordariales, and present a review of previous infections from this order. The patient failed amphotericin B therapy combined with surgical excision despite the drug's low MICs in vitro.