Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukemia: A Scandinavian population-based cohort study.

Background: Maternal hormonal contraception use has been associated with childhood leukemia risk. However, studies are few and often based on self-reported information.

Methods: Using registry data from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, we identified 3,183,316 children (born 1996-2018) and followed them from birth until leukemia diagnosis, censoring (death, emigration, other cancer, 20th birthday) or study closure (December 31st, 2017, 2018 or 2020).

Elbow kinematics with increased lengthening of a radial head arthroplasty evaluated with dynamic radiostereometric analysis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinematics of the elbow following increasing length of the radius with implantation of radial head arthroplasties (RHAs) using dynamic radiostereometry (dRSA).

Methods: Eight human donor arms were examined by dRSA during motor-controlled flexion and extension of the elbow with the forearm in an unloaded neutral position, and in pronation and supination with and without a 10 N valgus or varus load, respectively. The elbows were examined before and after RHA with stem lengths of anatomical size, + 2 mm, and + 4 mm.

Radial head arthroplasty diameter impact on elbow kinematics evaluated by dynamic radiostereometric analysis.

Purpose: Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) reestablishes elbow stability after complex radial head fracture, but complication rates are high, possibly due to inappropriate implant sizing. Knowledge of impact of radial head implant diameter on elbow kinematics is limited and warranted. This study evaluated elbow kinematics of different radial head implant diameters after RHA using dynamic radiostereometric analysis (dRSA).

Internal Catalysis in Dynamic Hydrogels with Associative Thioester Cross-Links.

Thioesters are an essential functional group in biosynthetic pathways, which has motivated their development as reactive handles in probes and peptide assembly. Thioester exchange is typically accelerated by catalysts or elevated pH. Here, we report the use of bifunctional aromatic thioesters as dynamic covalent cross-links in hydrogels, demonstrating that at physiologic pH in aqueous conditions, transthioesterification facilitates stress relaxation on the time scale of hundreds of seconds.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Type Distribution in Penile Samples in Young Men in Denmark: Results 10 Years After Implementation of a Girls-Only HPV Vaccination Program.

Background: In Denmark, a girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated in 2008-2009. The study aim was to assess the HPV prevalence and type distribution in younger men prior to HPV vaccination in men.

Methods: The study population was younger men who attended information days regarding military service.

Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood autism spectrum disorders: A Parental Exposures and Child Health (PECH) cohort study.

A recent hypothesis suggests that maternal hormonal contraception use has contributed to the increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We used a nationwide population-based cohort (the PECH cohort) including 1,056,149 Danish children born in the period January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2014, to assess associations between maternal hormonal contraception use and childhood ASD (end of follow-up: December 31, 2017). Maternal hormonal contraception use was grouped as "recent use" (≤ 3 months before pregnancy start or during pregnancy), "previous use" (>3 months before pregnancy start) and "never use", except for few products.

In Utero Exposure to Hormonal Contraception and Mortality in Offspring with and without Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Approximately 400 million women of reproductive age use hormonal contraceptives worldwide. Eventually, pregnancy sometimes occurs due to irregular use. Use in early pregnancy is found to be associated with child morbidities including cancer, the main reason for disease-related death in children.

Prenatal exposure to nitrofurantoin and risk of childhood leukaemia: a registry-based cohort study in four Nordic countries.

Background: Studies have suggested increased risks of childhood leukaemia after prenatal exposure to antibiotics, particularly nitrofurantoin. However, these findings may be related to the underlying maternal infection. This multinational study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal nitrofurantoin exposure and childhood leukaemia while accounting for maternal infection.

Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: a Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel.

Air force ground crew personnel are potentially exposed to fuels and lubricants, as raw materials, vapours and combustion exhaust emissions, during operation and maintenance of aircrafts. This study investigated exposure levels and biomarkers of effects for employees at a Danish air force military base. We enrolled self-reported healthy and non-smoking employees (n = 79) and grouped them by exposure based on job function, considered to be potentially exposed (aircraft engineers, crew chiefs, fuel operators and munition specialists) or as reference group with minimal occupational exposure (avionics and office workers).

Maternal Medication Use and Childhood Cancer in Offspring-Systematic Review and Considerations for Researchers.

Cancer is an important cause of childhood mortality, yet the etiology is largely unknown. A combination of pre- and postnatal factors is thought to be implicated, including maternal medication use. We aimed to provide: 1) a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications on associations between maternal medication use and childhood cancer, with a focus on study design and methodology; and 2) suggestions for how to increase transparency, limit potential biases, and improve comparability in studies on maternal medication use and childhood cancer.

The association of reproductive factors with risk of non-epithelial ovarian cancer and comparison with serous ovarian cancer.

Objective: To examine the association between reproductive factors and risk of non-epithelial ovarian cancer and to compare the associations with those in serous ovarian cancer.

Methods: From the Danish Cancer Registry, we identified all ovarian cancer cases (≥20 years old at diagnosis) of germ cell (n = 188), sex cord-stromal (n = 116), or serous (n = 4854) histology during 1982-2016. For each case, 15 age-matched female controls were selected with risk set sampling.

Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood ADHD: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Although maternal use of hormones has been suspected of increasing the risk for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no study has examined hormonal contraception use in this context. We examined the association between maternal hormonal contraception use before or during pregnancy and ADHD risk in children. This nationwide population-based cohort study included 1,056,846 children born in Denmark between 1998 and 2014.

Live Biotherapeutic Products, A Road Map for Safety Assessment.

Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and its host have provided evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of selected microorganisms to prevent or treat disease. According to Directive 2001/83/EC, in the European Union (EU), any product intended to prevent or treat disease is defined as a medicinal product and requires a marketing authorization by competent authorities prior to commercialization. Even if the pharmaceutical regulatory framework is harmonized at the EU level, obtaining marketing authorisations for medicinal products remains very challenging for Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs).

Pickering Bubbles as Dual-Modality Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Contrast Agents.

Microbubbles (MBs) stabilized by particle surfactants (., Pickering bubbles) have better thermodynamic stability compared to MBs stabilized by small molecules as a result of steric hindrance against coalescence, higher diffusion resistance, and higher particle desorption energy. In addition, the use of particles to stabilize MBs that are typically used as an ultrasound (US) contrast agent can also introduce photoacoustic (PA) properties, thus enabling a highly effective dual-modality US and PA contrast agent.

Elbow Biomechanics, Radiocapitellar Joint Pressure, and Interosseous Membrane Strain Before and After Radial Head Arthroplasty.

Complex radial head fracture and elbow instability can be treated with radial head arthroplasty. Good clinical results have been described after this surgical treatment. However, the revision and complication rate reported in the literature is concerning.

2D Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: Assembly and Templating of Hybrid Structures for Advanced Applications.

Fluid-fluid interfaces have widespread applications in personal care products, the food industry, oil recovery, mineral processes, etc. and are also important and versatile platforms for generating advanced materials. In Pickering emulsions, particles stabilize the fluid-fluid interface, and their presence reduces the interfacial energy between the two fluids.

Controlling Oil-in-Oil Pickering-Type Emulsions Using 2D Materials as Surfactant.

Emulsions are important in numerous fields, including cosmetics, coatings, and biomedical applications. A subset of these structures, oil-in-oil emulsions, are especially intriguing for water sensitive reactions such as polymerizations and catalysis. Widespread use and application of oil-in-oil emulsions is currently limited by the lack of facile and simple methods for preparing suitable surfactants.

Distinct Chemical and Physical Properties of Janus Nanosheets.

Janus particles have recently garnered significant attention for their distinct properties compared to particles that are homogeneously functionalized. Moreover, high aspect ratio Janus particles that are rod-like or planar (i.e.

Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality compared to the background population. Observational studies report an association between reduced blood glucose and reduced risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with T2D. Our previous systematic review of intensive glycaemic control versus conventional glycaemic control was based on 20 randomised clinical trials that randomised 29 ,986 participants with T2D.

Intensive glycaemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials.

Objective: To assess the effect of targeting intensive glycaemic control versus conventional glycaemic control on all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, microvascular complications, and severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised trials.

Data Sources: Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, LILACS, and CINAHL to December 2010; hand search of reference lists and conference proceedings; contacts with authors, relevant pharmaceutical companies, and the US Food and Drug Administration.

Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) exhibit an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality compared to the background population. Observational studies report a relationship between reduced blood glucose and reduced risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with T2D.

Objectives: To assess the effects of targeting intensive versus conventional glycaemic control in T2D patients.

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in experimental sepsis.

Background: In addition to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, vitamin D affects the cellular immune system, targets the TNF-alpha pathway and increases vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II. We therefore examined the effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) on coagulation and organ failure in experimental sepsis in the rat.

Methods: Three series of placebo-controlled studies were conducted.

[Cyanide poisoning].

Cyanide is a toxic compound which inhibits the cellular utilization of oxygen. A number of substances can give rise to cyanide intoxication, which in some cases may have a delayed onset. The symptoms are non-specific and reflect cellular hypoxia.

Separate effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium on renal calbindin-D28k and intestinal calbindin-D9k.

The effects of normal, low and high plasma concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2vitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) combined with normal, low and high concentrations of plasma calcium on renal calbindin-D28k and intestinal calbindin-D9k were examined in rats. We found that the expression of renal calbindin-D28k was significantly (P<0.05) increased by high levels of 1,25-(OH)2D, but was not affected by a 50% reduction in 1,25-(OH)2D.