Attitudes of health and social care professionals towards the use of blended diets for enteral tube feeding for children and young people.

Using a blended diet as an alternative to commercial formula is becoming more popular amongst parents and carers of children and young people (CYP) requiring long-term enteral tube feeding (ETF). Emerging evidence has demonstrated physiological and social benefits; however, families report feeling unsupported to use a blended diet in settings outside the home. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of health and social care staff towards the use of blended diets for CYP.

Key stakeholders' perspectives on the development of an early dietary phosphate self-management strategy for children and young people with chronic kidney disease stages 1-3: A modified Delphi consensus process.

Background: An early dietary phosphate intervention (EPI) can provide vital medical benefits supporting self-management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood.

Objective: To utilise expert consensus to provide early modelling for an EPI to guide clinical practice across a paediatric renal network.

Methods: Forty-eight statements across six domains were constructed following a systematic review and semi-structured interviews with children and young people (CYP), parents and healthcare professionals (HCP).

Improving ambulance care for children suffering acute pain: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Pain is a highly complex sensory and emotional experience. When a child suffers acute pain through illness or injury, they are often transported to hospital by ambulance. Pre-hospital pain management in children is poor, with 61% of children receiving suboptimal pain management.

Ambulance clinician perspectives of disparity in prehospital child pain management: A mixed methods study.

Background: When children suffer acute pain, the ambulance service is often involved to provide initial assessment, treatment, and transport. Several predictors of effective pain management have been identified, including children who are younger (0-5 years), administered analgesics, and living in homes from more affluent areas.

Objective: To explain previously identified predictors of effective prehospital pain management in children.

Mixed methods in pre-hospital research: understanding complex clinical problems.

Healthcare is becoming increasingly complex. The pre-hospital setting is no exception, especially when considering the unpredictable environment. To address complex clinical problems and improve quality of care for patients, researchers need to use innovative methods to create the necessary depth and breadth of knowledge.

Children's, parents', and other stakeholders' perspectives on the factors influencing the initiation of early dietary change in the management of childhood chronic disease: a mixed studies systematic review using a narrative synthesis.

Background: Early dietary change can provide vital medical benefits supporting childhood chronic disease self-management.

Objective: To explore factors influencing the initiation of early dietary change in the management of childhood chronic disease, as described by children, parents', and other stakeholders, to inform practice change in early paediatric service delivery.

Methods: This systematic review crossed seven databases from 2000-2018 to identify empirical research (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method designs), including grey literature.

The predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective management of acute pain in children by emergency medical services: A systematic mixed studies review.

We aimed to identify predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective pre-hospital pain management in children. A segregated systematic mixed studies review was performed. We searched from inception to 30-June-2020: MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus.

Predictors of effective management of acute pain in children within a UK ambulance service: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: We aimed to identify predictors of effective management of acute pain in children in the pre-hospital setting.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study using electronic clinical records from one large UK ambulance service during 01-Oct-2017 to 30-Sep-2018 was performed using multivariable logistic regression. We included all children <18 years suffering acute pain.

Predictors of effective management of acute pain in children within a UK ambulance service: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Pre-hospital pain management in children is poor, with very few children in pain receiving analgesia. Without effective pain treatment, children may suffer long-term changes in stress hormone responses and pain perception and are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder. We aimed to identify predictors of effective management of acute pain in children in the pre-hospital setting.

Reducing repeat paediatric emergency department attendance for non-urgent care: a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions.

Objective: Non-urgent paediatric ED (PED) visits appear to contribute a large portion to the growing use of EDs globally. Several interventions have tried to curb repeated non-urgent attendances, but no systematic review of their effectiveness exists. This review examines the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce subsequent non-urgent PED visits after a non-urgent attendance.

The Practice of Mutual Protection in the Care of Children with Palliative Care Needs: A Multiple Qualitative Case Study Approach from Jordan.

Purpose: This study explores the experience of disclosing critical information in the care of children with palliative care needs, from the perspective of physicians, nurses, and mothers in Jordan.

Design And Methods: This study employed a qualitative case study approach. It was conducted in three paediatric units in a Jordanian hospital.

What are the predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective management of acute pain in children by ambulance services? A mixed-methods systematic review protocol.

Introduction: The management of pain is complex, especially in children, as age, developmental level, cognitive and communication skills and associated beliefs must be considered. Without effective pain treatment, children may suffer long-term changes in stress hormone responses and pain perception and are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder. Pre-hospital analgesic treatment of injured children is suboptimal, with very few children in pain receiving analgesia.

Children's, parents' and other stakeholders' perspectives on early dietary self-management to delay disease progression of chronic disease in children: a protocol for a mixed studies systematic review with a narrative synthesis.

Background: Chronic disease of childhood may be delayed by early dietary intervention. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide decision-makers with a perspective on the role of early dietary intervention, as a form of self-management, to delay disease progression in children with early chronic disease, as described by children, parents and other stakeholders.

Methods: The study will systematically review empirical research (qualitative, quantitative and mixed method designs), including grey literature, using a narrative synthesis.

Stories of survival: Children's narratives of psychosocial well-being following paediatric critical illness or injury.

Survival from critical illness can expose children to an array of negative physical and psychological problems. While the perspective of parents and professionals have been well documented, there is limited understanding of how childhood critical care survivors make sense of their experiences in relation to psychosocial well-being. We aimed to explore long-term psychosocial well-being of childhood survivors of critical illness through their stories.

A qualitative systematic review of the reasons for parental attendance at the emergency department with children presenting with minor illness.

Introduction: Over 5 million children attend the Emergency Department (ED) annually in England with an ever-increasing paediatric emergency caseload echoed globally. Approximately 60% of children present with illness and the majority have non-urgent illness creating burgeoning pressures on children's ED and this crisis resonates globally. To date no qualitative systematic review exists that focuses on the parental reasons for childhood attendance at the ED in this sub-group.

The Experience of Decision Making in the Care of Children with Palliative Care Needs: The Experiences of Jordanian Mothers.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of decision making in the care of children with palliative care needs in Jordan, from the perspective of their mothers. This study employed a collective qualitative case study approach. Data were collected in 3 pediatric wards in a Jordanian hospital.

Survived so what? Identifying priorities for research with children and families post-paediatric intensive care unit.

The involvement of patients and the public in the development, implementation and evaluation of health care services and research is recognized to have tangible benefits in relation to effectiveness and credibility. However, despite >96% of children and young people surviving critical illness or injury, there is a paucity of published reports demonstrating their contribution to informing the priorities for aftercare services and outcomes research. We aimed to identify the service and research priorities for Paediatric Intensive Care Unit survivors with children and young people, their families and other stakeholders.

Protocol for a longitudinal qualitative study: survivors of childhood critical illness exploring long-term psychosocial well-being and needs--The SCETCH Project.

Introduction: Life-threatening critical illness affects over a quarter of a million children and adolescents (0-18 years old) annually in the USA and the UK. Death from critical illness is rare; however, survivors and their families can be exposed to a complex array of negative physical, psychological and social problems. Currently, within the literature, there is a distinct paucity of child and adolescent survivor self-reports, thus limiting our understanding of how survivors perceive this adversity and subsequently cope and grow in the long-term following their critical illness.

Long-term psychosocial impact reported by childhood critical illness survivors: a systematic review.

Aim: To undertake a qualitative systematic review that explores psychological and social impact, reported directly from children and adolescents at least 6 months after their critical illness.

Background: Significant advances in critical care have reduced mortality from childhood critical illness, with the majority of patients being discharged alive. However, it is widely reported that surviving critical illness can be traumatic for both children and their family.

Children and young people's participation in healthcare consultations in the emergency department.

Approximately 4 million children attend emergency departments (ED) in England, United Kingdom, per annum. It is important for children and young people to have an active say in their assessment and treatment during each emergency care episode. However the reality of hearing the child or young person's voice within active participation in health care consultations remains low at approximately 6% of voices recorded.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review and economic evaluation.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men in the UK. Radiotherapy (RT) is a recognised treatment for PC and high-dose conformal radiotherapy (CRT) is the recommended standard of care for localised or locally advanced tumours. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) allows better dose distributions in RT.

An evidence-based guideline for children presenting with acute breathing difficulty.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based guideline for use primarily by junior clinicians to assist with the management of children presenting to the hospital with an acute breathing difficulty.

Methods: An overview of the literature provided a framework of clinical questions for the management of a child with an acute breathing difficulty on which to base a systematic literature review. Relevant articles were appraised by the research fellow and graded according to their quality.

The impact of presenting problem based guidelines for children with medical problems in an accident and emergency department.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of presenting problem based guidelines in managing children with either diarrhoea (with or without vomiting) or seizure (with or without fever).

Methods: This prospective observational study with an intervention was based on a paediatric accident and emergency (A&E) department in Nottingham. All patients (either GP or self referred) were acute attenders aged 0-15 years, with a medical presenting problem during 4 months in the spring of 1997 and 1999.

An evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of a child after a seizure.

Objective: An evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of the child who presents to hospital having had a seizure. It does not deal with the child who is still seizing. The guideline is intended for use by junior doctors, and was developed for this common problem (5% of all paediatric medical attenders) where variation in practice occurs.