iridoid glycosides, as an inhibitor of GSK-3β, alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through inhibition of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides (MOIG) showed potential benefits in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their exact mechanism has yet to be explored.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of MOIG on RA, and explore the potential targets and molecular mechanism of MOIG in RA.

Methods: The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were used to evaluate the effects of MOIG on RA.

Advances in covalent organic frameworks for sample preparation.

Sample preparation is crucial in analytical chemistry, impacting result accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability. Solid-phase separation media, especially adsorbents, are vital for preparing of liquid and gas samples, commonly analyzed by most analytical instruments. With the advancements in materials science, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constructed through strong covalent bonds, have been increasingly employed in sample preparation in recent years.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1): From molecular functions to clinical applications in cancer investigation.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a versatile molecule that plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly in tumor development where its impact is bidirectional. On the one hand, it augments the immune response by promoting immune cell migration, infiltration, and the formation of immunological synapses, thus facilitating potent antitumor effects. Simultaneously, it contributes to tumor immune evasion and influences metastasis by mediating transendothelial migration (TEM), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and epigenetic modification of tumor cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in non-small cell lung cancer: Current evidence and future directions.

Immunotherapy, remarkably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has significantly altered the treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite their success, the discontinuation of ICIs therapy may occur due to factors such as prior treatment completion, disease progression during ICIs treatment, or immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As numerous studies highlight the dynamic nature of immune responses and the sustained benefits of ICIs, ICIs rechallenge has become an attractive and feasible option.

Elimination of Trace Tetracycline with Alkyl Modified MIL-101 in Water.

The overuse of antibiotics poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. Therefore, the development of high-performance antibiotic removal materials has attracted increasing attention. However, the adsorption and removal of trace amounts of antibiotics in aqueous systems still face significant challenges.

Layer-by-layer fabrication of covalent organic frameworks on stainless steel needles as solid-phase microextraction probe coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for enrichment and determination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in biosamples.

Sunitinib, N-desmethyl imatinib, dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are commonly employed in the treatment of a multitude of cancers. However, the inappropriate concentrations of TKIs can result in ineffective treatment or the emergence of multiple adverse effects. Consequently, the development of a rapid and sensitive analytical method for TKIs is of paramount importance for the safe administration of drugs.

Fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework coated solid-phase microextraction probe coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for monitoring triclosan, triclocarban, and chlorophenols in mice.

Triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and chlorophenols (CPs) are broad-spectrum antibacterials widely used in dermatological and oral hygiene products, which could induce severe liver and intestine injuries. Hence, it is essential to establish a rapid and sensitive method to monitor TCS, TCC, and CPs in various organisms. In this work, fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF-F) was prepared by using 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tri-aniline and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde as two building units and employed as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) probe for the extraction of TCS, TCC and CPs.

Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides alleviate methotrexate-induced liver injury in CIA rats by increasing liver autophagy and improving lipid metabolism homeostasis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Morinda officinalis How. is a commonly used traditional Chinese herb with the pharmacological properties of tonifying liver and kidney, and enhancing bone and muscle. Iridoid glycosides are the predominant components of this plant, including monotropein, asperuloside, deacetylasperuloside and deacetylasperulosidic acid with their contents reaching more than 2%.

Adhesion and Transparency Enhancement between Flexible Polyimide-PDMS Copolymerized Film and Copper Foil for LED Transparent Screen.

With the increasing demand for innovative electronic products, LED transparent screens are gradually entering the public eye. Polyimide (PI) materials combine high temperature resistance and high transparency, which can be used to prepare flexible copper-clad laminate substrates. The physical and chemical properties of PI materials differ from copper, such as their thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs), surface energy, etc.

Crown Ether Copolymerized Polyimide Film: Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Low Dielectric Constant under High Frequency.

Polymer materials with a low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss have the potential to be applied to high-frequency signal transmissions, such as mobile phone antennas and millimeter wave radars. Two types of diamines, 4,4'-diamino-p-tetraphenyl (DPT) and crown ether diamine (CED), were prepared for ternary copolymerization with BPDA in this study. Cross-links with molecular chains were formed, increasing molecular chain distance by utilizing rings of CED.

Imidacloprid-induced lung injury in mice: Activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway via TLR4 receptor engagement.

Significant impairment of pulmonary function has been demonstrated through long-term exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid (IMI). However, the underlying mechanisms of lung injury induced by IMI remain unclear. In this study, a mouse model of IMI-induced pulmonary injury was established, and the toxicity and lung damage were assessed through mouse body weight, organ index, hematological parameters, and histopathological analysis of lung tissues.

Exploring new frontiers: cell surface vimentin as an emerging marker for circulating tumor cells and a promising therapeutic target in advanced gastric Cancer.

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold immense promise in guiding treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, their clinical impact has been limited due to challenges in identifying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-CTCs using conventional methods.

Methods: To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a detection platform for CTCs based on the distinctive biomarker cell surface vimentin (CSV).

In situ fabrication of covalent organic frameworks on solid-phase microextraction probes coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for enrichment and determination of androgens in biosamples.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was developed for rapid and sensitive determination of endogenous androgens. The SPME probe is coated with covalent organic frameworks (COFs) synthesized by reacting 1,3,5-tri(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) with 2,5-dioctyloxybenzaldehyde (C8PDA). This COFs-SPME probe offers several advantages, including enhanced extraction efficiency and stability.

[UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics reveals mechanism of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides in treating rheumatoid arthritis and bone loss].

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides(MOIG) on paw edema and bone loss of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rats, and analyze its potential mechanism based on ultra-high performance liguid chromatography-guadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) serum metabolomics. RA rats were established by injecting bovin type Ⅱ collagen. The collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats were administered drug by gavage for 8 weeks, the arthritic score were used to evaluate the severity of paw edem, serum bone metabolism biochemical parameters were measured by ELISA kits, Masson staining was used to observe the bone microstructure of the femur in CIA rats.

Perfluorooctanoic acid inhibits androgen biosynthesis in rat immature Leydig cells.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a commonly used short-chain synthetic perfluoroalkyl agent. Immature Leydig cells (ILCs) are localized in the testis and responsible for androgen biosynthesis and metabolism. Although PFOA shows toxicity in the reproductive system, it is not clear if it disrupts the function of ILCs.

Knockdown of Smox protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier through antioxidant effect and Nrf2 pathway activation in stroke.

Once an ischemic stroke occurs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress degrade the tight connections between cerebral endothelial cells resulting in their damage. The expression of antioxidant genes may be enhanced, and ROS formation may be reduced following Nrf2 activation, which is associated with protection against ischemic stroke. Overexpression of spermine oxidase (Smox) in the neocortex led to increased HO production.

Identification of apple leaf disease via novel attention mechanism based convolutional neural network.

Introduction: The identification of apple leaf diseases is crucial for apple production.

Methods: To assist farmers in promptly recognizing leaf diseases in apple trees, we propose a novel attention mechanism. Building upon this mechanism and MobileNet v3, we introduce a new deep learning network.

Progress on the hippocampal circuits and functions based on sharp wave ripples.

Sharp wave ripples (SWRs) are high-frequency synchronization events generated by hippocampal neuronal circuits during various forms of learning and reactivated during memory consolidation and recall. There is mounting evidence that SWRs are essential for storing spatial and social memories in rodents and short-term episodic memories in humans. Sharp wave ripples originate mainly from the hippocampal CA3 and subiculum, and can be transmitted to modulate neuronal activity in cortical and subcortical regions for long-term memory consolidation and behavioral guidance.

Redox modulation with a perfluorocarbon nanoparticle to reverse Treg-mediated immunosuppression and enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Tumor hypoxia and high glutathione (GSH) expression promote regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration and maintain its immunosuppressive function, which significantly reduces the response rate of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we developed an immunomodulatory nano-formulation (FEM@PFC) to reverse Treg-mediated immunosuppression by redox regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Oxygen carried in perfluorocarbon (PFC) was delivered to the TME, thus relieving the hypoxic condition and inhibiting Treg infiltration.

Super-hydrophilic sulfonate-modified covalent organic framework nanosheets for efficient separation and enrichment of glycopeptides.

Highly efficient extraction of glycopeptides prior to mass spectrometry detection is extremely crucial for glycoproteomic research, especially in disease biomarker research. Reported here is the first time by applying two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COFs) nanosheets for highly efficient enrichment of glycopeptides. Particularly, by incorporating hydrophilic monomers through a bottom-up strategy, the 2D COF nanosheets (denoted as NUS-9) displayed an ultra-high graft density of sulfonic groups and super-hydrophilicity.

In-situ growth of covalent organic framework on stainless steel needles as solid-phase microextraction probe coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive determination of tricyclic antidepressants in biosamples.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) including amitriptyline (AT), doxepin (DOX) and nortriptyline (NT) are the first-line drugs for the clinical treatment of depression; however, monitoring TCA concentrations in biological fluids and tissues is necessary to improve therapeutic effect and determine the cause of death in patients. It is of great significance to develop a rapid and sensitive method for real-time monitoring of TCAs in various biosamples. In this work, we fabricated a novel covalent organic framework (COF) based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe by an in-situ step-by-step strategy, which was obtained by sequentially modifying 1,3,5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TPB) and 2, 5-divinylbenzaldehyde (DVA) on the surface of polydopamine layer.

Teaching with social context in instructional video facilitates second language vocabulary learning.

Video lectures are becoming an important and accessible way for adults to learn a new second language (L2). Unlike face-to-face classroom teaching, teachers are more challenged by the asynchronous mode of video teaching. Finding more effective teaching methods is a great concern for teachers.

Polyimide/crown ether composite film with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss for high signal transmission.

Dielectric properties of polyimide (PI) are constrained by its inherent molecular structure and inter-chain packing capacities. The compromised dielectric properties of PI, however, could be rescued by introducing trifluoromethyl and forming a host-guest inclusion complex with the introduction of crown ethers (CEs). Herein, we report PI/crown ether composite films as a communication substrate that could be applied under high frequency circumstances.