Standardization of Weightage Assigned to Different Segments of the Hand X-ray for Assessment of Bone Age by the Greulich-Pyle Method.

Introduction: Bone age (BA) assessment is important in evaluating disorders of growth and puberty; the Greulich and Pyle atlas method (GP) is most used. We aimed to determine the weightage to be attributed by raters to various segments of the hand x-ray, namely, distal end of radius-ulna (RU), carpals, and short bones for rating bone age using the GP atlas method.

Methods: 692 deidentified x-rays from a previous study (PUNE-dataset) and 400 from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA-dataset) were included in the study.

Development of a simplified new method of bone age estimation using three bones of the hand and wrist.

Unlabelled: Though the Greulich and Pyle (GP) method is easy, inter-observer variability, differential maturation of hand bones influences ratings. The Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) method is more accurate, but cumbersome. A simpler method combining the above, such that it utilizes fewer bones without affecting accuracy, would be widely used and more applicable in clinical practice.

Delayed Puberty.

Testicular volume ≥4 ml and appearance of breast budding are the first signs of puberty. Delayed puberty is diagnosed in the absence of thelarche by 13 y or menarche by 15 y in girls and absence of testicular enlargement by 14 y in boys. Delayed puberty can be due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism or eugonadotrophic eugonadism characterised by low, elevated and normal gonadotrophin levels, respectively.

Our Uncommon Experience with 6 Cases of Riedel's Thyroiditis (Woody Thyroiditis).

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare form of thyroiditis. Estimated prevalence is 1.06/100,000 population and is reported in 0.

A comparison of bone age assessments using automated and manual methods in children of Indian ethnicity.

Background: Bone age is useful for pediatric endocrinologists in evaluating various disorders related to growth and puberty. Traditional methods of bone age assessment, namely Greulich and Pyle (GP) and Tanner-Whitehouse (TW), have intra- and interobserver variations. Use of computer-automated methods like BoneXpert might overcome these subjective variations.

Prevalence and Determinants of Occurrence of Dyslipidemia in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and determinants of occurrence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital over two years. Subjects with T1DM aged 2-18 y had assessment of Lipid profile after 12 h of fasting.

Comparison of Bone Age Assessments by Gruelich-Pyle, Gilsanz-Ratib, and Tanner Whitehouse Methods in Healthy Indian Children.

Background: There are several methods of bone age (BA) assessment, which include Gruelich-Pyle (GP), Gilsanz-Ratib (GR), and Tanner Whitehouse-3 (TW-3) methods. Although GP atlas is the most widely used, there are concerns about its accuracy in children of different ethnicities, making the use of the TW-3 method an attractive option in Indian children.

Objectives: 1) To assess the relationship of BA with chronological age (CA) as assessed by different methods (GP, GR, and TW-3) in healthy Indian children 2) To assess which of the three methods of BA assessment is more suitable in Indian children.

Utility of wrist circumference in recognition of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese South Indian children and adolescents.

Objective: To describe the utility of wrist circumference in the identification of cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the obesity clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital over a two year period. All children and adolescents aged 5-17 years with nutritional overweight and obesity were recruited.

Clinical Profile of Adolescents With Delayed Puberty.

One year study on forty-eight adolescents with delayed puberty revealed etiology of constitutional delay, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, chronic systemic disease, hypothyroidism and sex reversal in 14(29.2%), 13 (27%), 12 (25%), 5 (10.4%), 3 (6.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents From Southern India - A Single Center Experience.

This 1-year follow-up study was conducted on 21 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We found reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin from 10.5% to 8.

Care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in school - An interventional study.

Objectives: Paucity of data from India on care of children with Type 1 diabetes in schools. Aims: To study assess the knowledge, attitude, practices and fear of Type 1 diabetes in school teachers and to assess the impact of an educational model on the fear of teachers and care of children in Type 1 DM at school hours.

Methods: A community based study, involving school teachers and the intervention being educating them about diabetes conducted.

Utility of the New Indian Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology (ISPAE) Guidelines for Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening in a High Risk Unit.

Objective: To study the new ISPAE guidelines in neonates with congenital hypothyroidism and present authors' experience in managing these neonates.

Methods: A retrospective review of all babies who were screened for congenital hypothyroidism in the institution over a period of 5 y was conducted. Details pertaining to maternal risk factors, neonatal risk factors, screening TSH, venous TSH and details of etiological evaluation including: ultrasound thyroid, technetium 99m scintigraphy and anti thyroid peroxidase antibody estimation were retrieved.

A Study on New IAP 2015 Growth References in Rural South Indian Children.

Objectives: To ascertain the utility of the new pan Indian 2015 IAP references in rural South Indian children and the ability of new IAP charts to recognise children with abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors in 10 to 16 y age group.

Methods: Among school health camps conducted at two centres of Tamil Nadu- rural Vellore and rural Erode- height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, triceps skin-fold thickness and body fat percentage were measured by trained pediatricians and Z-scores calculated. The anthropometric measures were studied as per IAP 2015 references and compared to other national and international references.

Impact of maternal thyroid disease on neonatal thyroid status.

Objectives: Prevalence of Maternal and congenital hypothyroidism is on the rise. To present the thyroid stimulating hormone screening results in babies born to hypothyroid mothers and assess the burden, aetiology of hypothyroidism in these babies.

Methods: All antenatal mothers attending our hospital during the study period were enrolled into the study.

Random Blood Glucose Concentrations and their Association with Body Mass Index in Indian School Children.

Objective And Aims: Overweight/obese children are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random glucose elevations provide early warning signs of glycemic dysregulation. To assess random blood glucose (RBG) concentrations and risk factors associated with prediabetes in children aged 3-18 years from six Indian regions.

Sitting height percentiles in 3-17-year-old Indian children: a multicentre study.

Sitting height (StH) percentiles are not described for the Indian paediatric population. To generate multicentre StH percentile values for Indian children. A total of 7961 apparently healthy children (3-17 years old, Boys: 4328) randomly selected from 10 schools from six states of India were measured for height (ht), StH and weight during July 2016-October 2017.

Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between excess iodine intake as evidenced by increased urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and to assess the correlation between UIE and thyroid microsomal antibody (thyroid peroxidase [TPO]) titers in children.

Materials And Methods: All children with goiter between age group 6 and 12 years, were subjected to blood tests for free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and TPO antibody, fine needle aspiration was advised for all children with goiter. Forty-three children with confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis served as cases, and 43 children with euthyroid goiter with workup negative for autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine deficiency were enrolled as controls.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in South Indian Centre.

Objective: To describe the clinical and investigatory profile of children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) presenting to the thyroid clinic of a referral children's hospital and study the course of children diagnosed as HT over a period of 6 mo.

Methods: Children aged 5-12 y with HT were recruited, their clinical and biochemical details were assessed and were started on standard therapy and followed up for a period of 6 mo.

Results: Ninety-seven children (89 goitrous and 8 atrophic form) with mean age: 9.

Response of Indian growth hormone deficient children to growth hormone therapy: association with pituitary size.

Objective: To ascertain the impact of pituitary size as judged by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), on response to Growth Hormone (GH) therapy in GH deficient children.

Methods: Thirty nine children (9.1 ± 2.

Growth of short children born small for gestational age and their response to growth hormone therapy.

Growth hormone [GH] is licensed for use in children born small for gestational age (SGA) who fail to catch-up. We retrospectively compared the response of twenty children born SGA (who satisfied the auxological criteria) to growth hormone (Group I) versus randomly selected age and sex matched controls from a group of SGA children with growth related complaints, not treated with GH (Group II). After 2 years of GH therapy the HAZ increased from -2.

Evaluation of GnRH analogue testing in diagnosis and management of children with pubertal disorders.

Context: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is pivotal in the assessment of children with pubertal disorders. However, lack of availability and high cost often result in the test falling into disfavor. We routinely use the GnRH analogue stimulation test as an alternative at our center.

Performance of WHO growth standards on Indian children with growth related disorders.

Objective: To assess performance of WHO 2006 standards on anthropometric measurements of children referred for growth related disorders to a speciality pediatric clinic in Pune, India, from June 2006 through June 2010.

Methods: Data presented in this study were collected retrospectively from case records of all children from birth to 60 mo (n=1840, mean age 2.7±1.