Lycopene alleviates BCG-induced depressive phenotypes in mice by disrupting 5-HT3 receptor - IDO1 interplay in the brain.

The 5-HT3 receptor and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression as their activation reduces serotonin contents in the brain. Since molecular docking analysis revealed lycopene as a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and IDO1 inhibitor, we hypothesized that lycopene might disrupt the interplay between the 5-HT3 receptor and IDO1 to mitigate depression. In mice, the depression-like phenotypes were induced by inoculating Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).

Current Progress on Central Cholinergic Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is ubiquitously present in the nervous system and has been involved in the regulation of various brain functions. By modulating synaptic transmission and promoting synaptic plasticity, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex, ACh plays a pivotal role in the regulation of learning and memory. These procognitive actions of ACh are mediated by the neuronal muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.

A review on challenges and issues with carboxymethylation of natural gums: The widely used excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms.

Diverse properties of natural gums have made them quite useful for various pharmaceutical applications. However, they suffer from various problems, including unregulated hydration rates, microbial degradation, and decline in viscosity during warehousing. Among various chemical procedures for modification of gums, carboxymethylation has been widely studied due to its simplicity and efficiency.

Ameliorative potential of phloridzin in type 2 diabetes-induced memory deficits in rats.

Diabetes associated oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission causes cognitive deficits. Although phloridzin shows antioxidant- and insulin sensitizing-activities, its ameliorative potential in diabetes-induced memory dysfunction remains unexplored. In the present study, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in rats on ad libitum high-fat diet.

Moringa gum and its modified form as a potential green polymer used in biomedical field.

Over the past few decades, natural gums are extensively investigated by the researchers due to their beneficial physicochemical properties. Among them, the polysaccharide exudates obtained from the stem of the plant Moringa oleifera, known as moringa gum, is investigated widely in the food, pharmaceutical, and other areas. The moringa gum is used in the form of dried powder as a pharmaceutical excipient in various formulations.

Effect of Ca ion on the release of diltiazem hydrochloride from matrix tablets of carboxymethyl xanthan gum graft polyacrylamide.

The effect of Ca ion cross-linker on acryalamide grafted carboxymethyl xanthan gum (CMXG-g-PAAm) on the drug release was investigated. Previously, CMXG was synthesized from XG and further grafted to CMXG-g-PAAm to retard the drug release. Once the CaCl solution is added to CMXG-g-PAAm, Ca considerably affected the drug release mechanism mainly by diffusion and erosion.

Synthesis and characterisation of poly(acryalamide) grafted carboxymethyl xanthan gum copolymer.

In the present work, an unreported graft copolymer of carboxymethyl xanthan gum and acrylamide has been synthesised by free radical polymerisation in a nitrogen atmosphere using ammonium persulphate as an initiator. The optimum reaction conditions adopted for affording maximum percentage of grafting including its grafting efficiency were obtained by varying the concentration of carboxymethyl xanthan gum from 4 to 24 g dm(-3); ammonium persulphate from 5×10(-4) to 30×10(-4)mol dm(-3); acrylamide from 0.4 to 1.

Xanthan gum and its derivatives as a potential bio-polymeric carrier for drug delivery system.

Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight natural polysaccharide produced by fermentation process. It consists of 1, 4-linked β-D-glucose residues, having a trisaccharide side chain attached to alternate D-glucosyl residues. Although the gum has many properties desirable for drug delivery, its practical use is mainly confined to the unmodified forms due to slow dissolution and substantial swelling in biological fluids.