Protocol for CLASSIC PBB: comparison of lower airway sampling strategies in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis.

Background: Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is an endobronchial infection and a the most common cause of chronic wet cough in young children. It is treated with antibiotics, which can only be targeted if the causative organism is known. As most affected children do not expectorate sputum, lower airway samples can only be obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples taken during flexible bronchoscopy (FB-BAL).

Susceptibility Loci for Type 2 Diabetes in the Ethnically Endogamous Indian Sindhi Population: A Pooled Blood Genome-Wide Association Study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic derangement that has a strong genetic basis. There is substantial population-specificity in the association of genetic variants with T2D. The Indian urban Sindhi population is at a high risk of T2D.

Polysomnographic identification of anxiety and depression using deep learning.

Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric conditions associated with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved health state. Anxiety and depression have a bidirectional relationship with sleep.

The bleeding risk treatment paradox at the physician and hospital level: Implications for reducing bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Bleeding is a common and costly complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Bleeding avoidance strategies (BAS) are used paradoxically less in patients at high-risk of bleeding: "bleeding risk-treatment paradox" (RTP). We determined whether hospitals and physicians, who do not align BAS to PCI patients' bleeding risk (ie, exhibit a RTP) have higher bleeding rates.

Costs associated with transradial access and same-day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Transradial access for PCI (TRI) along with same day discharge (SDD) is associated with varying estimates of cost savings depending on the population studied, the clinical scenario and application to low-risk vs high-risk patients. A summary estimate of the true cost savings of TRI and SDD are unknown. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE®, CINAHL® and Google Scholar® databases for published studies on hospitalization costs of TRI and SDD.

Transradial Access for High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Implications of the Risk-Treatment Paradox.

[Figure: see text].

Deep learning model to predict the need for mechanical ventilation using chest X-ray images in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Objectives: There exists a wide gap in the availability of mechanical ventilator devices and their acute need in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. An initial triaging method that accurately identifies the need for mechanical ventilation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 is needed. We aimed to investigate if a potentially deteriorating clinical course in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 can be detected using all X-ray images taken during hospitalisation.

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Model to Quantify Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy From Kidney Ultrasonography Images.

Importance: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is a strong indicator of decline in kidney function and is measured using histopathological assessment of kidney biopsy core. At present, a noninvasive test to assess IFTA is not available.

Objective: To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm to quantify IFTA from kidney ultrasonography images.

Independent association of meteorological characteristics with initial spread of Covid-19 in India.

Whether weather plays a part in the transmissibility of the novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is still not established. We tested the hypothesis that meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and rainfall) are independently associated with transmissibility of COVID-19 quantified using the basic reproduction rate (R). We used publicly available datasets on daily COVID-19 case counts (total n = 108,308), three-hourly meteorological data and community mobility data over a three-month period.

Artificial neural network-based prediction of prolonged length of stay and need for post-acute care in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) and post-acute care after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is common and costly. Risk models for predicting prolonged LOS and post-acute care have limited accuracy. Our goal was to develop and validate models using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict prolonged LOS > 7days and need for post-acute care after PCI.

Incremental Prognostic Value of Anemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome from A Rural Hospital in India.

Background: Anemia is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, where prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is also rising. Evidence indicates that baseline anemia status can prognosticate ACS. However, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score that is popularly used all over the world does not include information on anemia.

Independent Association of Glucose Variability With Hospital Mortality in Adult Intensive Care Patients: Results From the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Binational Registry.

Unlabelled: Wide variations in blood glucose excursions in critically ill patients may influence adverse outcomes such as hospital mortality. However, whether blood glucose variability is independently associated with mortality or merely captures the excess risk attributable to hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes is not established. We investigated whether blood glucose variability independently predicted hospital mortality in nonhyperglycemic critical care patients.

The Evolving Landscape of Impella Use in the United States Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Background: Impella was approved for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in 2008, but large-scale, real-world data on its use are lacking. Our objective was to describe trends and variations in Impella use, clinical outcomes, and costs across US hospitals in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treated with MCS (Impella or intra-aortic balloon pump).

Methods: From the Premier Healthcare Database, we analyzed 48 306 patients undergoing PCI with MCS at 432 hospitals between January 2004 and December 2016.

Degree of hyperglycemia independently associates with hospital mortality and length of stay in critically ill, nondiabetic patients: Results from the ANZICS CORE binational registry.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia (HG) in critically ill patients influences clinical outcomes and hospitalization costs. We aimed to describe association of HG with hospital mortality and length of stay in large scale, real-world scenario.

Materials: From The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database (APD) we included 739,152 intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during 2007-2016.

Desmopressin and bleeding risk after percutaneous kidney biopsy.

Background: Desmopressin is used to reduce bleeding after kidney biopsy but evidence supporting its use is weak, especially in patients with elevated creatinine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of desmopressin in reducing bleeding after percutaneous kidney biopsy.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study.

Incremental Cost of Acute Kidney Injury after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite its substantial burden, contemporary data on the incremental costs of AKI are lacking. We designed this large, nationally representative study to examine: (1) the independent, incremental costs associated with AKI after PCI and (2) to identify the departmental components of cost contributing to the incremental costs associated with AKI.