Understanding one health challenges in marginalized urban settings: A patient and public involvement (PPI) approach from the CHIP consortium activities across four global cities.

Background: Slum communities face health risks influenced by environmental, human, and animal health factors, particularly antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Tailored, community-driven solutions are needed to address these multifactorial health determinants. This study explores One Health challenges in urban slums using a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) approach.

Transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva type IV with misleading severe aortic regurgitation.

Unlabelled: We present an unusual case of ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) in the right atrium, progressive exertional dyspnea, occasional epigastric heaviness, and palpitations. The examination revealed high-pitch continuous murmur. On transthoracic echocardiography, there was a ~5-6 mm size RSOV of non-coronary sinus into right atrium, continuous turbulent flow, and unusual presentation of severe central aortic regurgitation jet with holodiastolic flow reversal seen in the descending aorta.

Concomitant transcatheter transfemoral double native valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis and severe mitral stenosis with mitral annular calcification.

Concomitant mitral and aortic valve stenosis in a patient with mitral annular calcification and porcelain aorta poses a unique problem to the surgical team. Transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacements in native valves offer a viable option for such selected group of patients. We present the case of a 54-year-old male who presented with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and severe mitral stenosis (MS) but was deemed high risk for surgery owing to intense calcification of the aorta and mitral annular calcification, and successfully underwent transcatheter double native valve replacement.

Smartphone-enabled retinal arteriovenous imaging and correlation with coronary SYNTAX score.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of measurement of retinal arteriovenous (AV) ratio using a smartphone, we performed a comparative evaluation with fundus camera imaging and coronary SYNTAX score.

Method: Successive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent coronary angiography were recruited for smartphone retinal imaging. Following pupillary dilatation, fundus camera images and smartphone photography were performed.

Why India is struggling to feed their young children? A qualitative analysis for tribal communities.

Objective: This interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineering and environment factors impacting on feeding practices in rural India. The ultimate goal of the Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health Education Engineering and Environment Linkages project is to identify challenges and opportunities for improvement to subsequently develop socioculturally appropriate, tailored, innovative interventions for the successful implementation of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices locally.

Design: Qualitative research method, involving five phases: (1) identification of local feeding practices; (2) identification of the local needs and opportunities for children aged 6-24 months; and (3-5) analysis of the gathered qualitative data, intervention design, review and distribution.

Healthcare worker-based opportunistic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in a low-resource setting.

Background & Objective: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FHeH) is important risk factor for premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Strategies for its diagnosis and prevalence have not been well studied in India. We performed healthcare worker-based opportunistic screening to assess feasibility for determining its prevalence.

Role of schools in community mobilisation to improve IYCF practices in 6-24-month-old tribal children in the Banswara district, India: findings from the qualitative PANChSHEEEL study.

Objective: India has been struggling with infant malnutrition for decades. There is a need to identify suitable platforms for community engagement to promote locally feasible, resource efficient Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) interventions. This study aims to explore if and how schools could represent a site for community engagement in rural India, acting as innovation hubs to foster positive change in partnership with the Angawadi centres.

Influence of gender and parental migration on IYCF practices in 6-23-month-old tribal children in Banswara district, India: findings from the cross-sectional PANChSHEEEL study.

Background: The interdisciplinary Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health, Education, Engineering and Environment Linkages (PANChSHEEEL) study used a participatory approach to develop locally-feasible and tailored solutions to optimise Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices at an individual, household, community, and environmental level. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of gender; migration; and Health, Education, Engineering and Environmental (HEEE) factors on IYCF practices, with the primary outcomes being three key complementary-feeding practices of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 325 households with children aged 6-23 months was conducted in nine purposively selected villages in two blocks of Banswara district, Rajasthan, India.

Progressive left and right heart dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19: Prospective echocardiographic evaluation.

Aims: Cardiac dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported during acute phase but serial changes have not been well studied. To determine serial changes in type and severity of echocardiographic left and right heart functions we performed a prospective study.

Methods And Results: Successive COVID-19 patients at discharge from the hospital from June to December 2020 were enrolled.

Towards transformative WASH: an integrated case study exploring environmental, sociocultural, economic and institutional risk factors contributing to infant enteric infections in rural tribal India.

Background: Despite clear linkages between poor Water, Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH) and enteric disease, the design of effective WASH interventions that reduce child enteric infections and stunting rates has proved challenging. WASH factors as currently defined do not capture the overall exposure factors to faecal pathogens through the numerous infection transmission pathways. Understanding the multiple and multifaceted factors contributing to enteric infections and their interconnectedness is key to inform future interventions.

Percutaneous closure of native anterior mitral leaflet perforation under three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography guidance.

We are presenting a unique case of native anterior mitral leaflet (AML) perforation with severe mitral regurgitation leading to progressive dyspnea. Using real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, this case was accurately diagnosed and percutaneous closure has been done successfully with the device. Review of the literature showed successful transcatheter closure of AML perforation of only four cases, all post-operative status.

Left atrial high-grade rhabdomyosarcoma; an unusual location.

A 63-year-old diabetic and hypertensive lady presented in New York Heart Association class III-IV dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiography showed a large mass attached to the anterior mitral leaflet and the base of the interatrial septum. After removal of the mass and excision of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, a bioprosthetic valve was deployed.

COVID-19 and informal settlements - implications for water, sanitation and health in India and Indonesia.

Informal settlements are home to over 1 billion people worldwide and are characterised by high population densities and poor environmental conditions. The authors identify the impact of COVID-19 on existing water and sanitation practices and potential pathways for the transmission of COVID-19 in informal settlements in India and Indonesia. In the short term, there is an urgent need for mobile and contactless hand washing, washing/bathing facilities and toilets.

Uhl's anomaly: rare but does exist.

A 17-year-old boy presented with facial puffiness and swelling in the lower limbs for 6 months and one episode of syncope 15 days earlier. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a dilated right atrium and right ventricle with right ventricular systolic dysfunction. The free wall of the right ventricle was thinned out and devoid of myocardium and trabeculations.

Predictive factors determining outcomes in pulseless limb in paediatric supracondylar fractures of humerus.

Introduction: Amongst all the complications associated with paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, significant vascular injury is reported in only 1% cases, of which, less than 1% develop Volkmann's ischemic contracture. This study evaluates factors, like delay in presentation of the injury, limb perfusion and pulse, in determining functional outcome in a supracondylar humerus fractures with pulseless limb.

Materials & Methods: Twenty-one paediatric patients with a pulseless supracondylar humerus fracture presenting from 2012 to 2014 were included.

Rescue PTCA in a Patient with Single Coronary Anomaly.

We present a case of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using right radial approach in a rare case of single coronary artery originating from the right sinus. Although these anomalies and stenosis of anomalous vessels have earlier been reported, treatment of atherosclerotic lesions by PCI has rarely been reported. There is a definite risk during PCI in patients with a single coronary ostium because dissection with the guiding catheter would result in a catastrophic event.

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmia - Atypical presentation.

We present a patient with asymptomatic apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) who recently developed cardiac arrhythmias, and shortly discuss the diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategy for this condition. AHCM is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which usually involves the apex of the left ventricle. AHCM can occur with varied presentations such as chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, embolic events, ventricular fibrillation, and congestive heart failure.

Chondroblastoma of the Medial Malleolus: A Case Report of A Rare Tumor at an Extremely Uncommon Site.

Introduction: Tumors of the medial malleolus are rare. Chondrogenic tumors of the medial malleolus are extremely rare. Chondroblastoma of the medial malleolus has not been reported previously in the English literature.

Transradial, Transscaphoid, Transcapitate, Perilunate Dislocation; A Case Report and Approach to the Patient.

Carpal injuries are uncommon and are mainly seen in the younger age group. The incidence is unclear as many of the cases go undiagnosed. A 22-year-old male patient coming to the hospital after road traffic accidentwith head, face and left wrist injury.

Management of Intrarticular Fractures of Distal End of Humerus using Modification of the Triceps Aponeurosis Tongue Approach.

Objective: To evaluate the functional outcome and extensor apparatus of operative management of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus using modification of the Triceps Tongue Flap approach.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between June, 2012 to April,2014 in NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan(India). We included 23 patients with intraarticular fractures of distal humerus that were managed surgically.

Report of chronic myeloid leukemia SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur.

This is a retrospective analysis of patients of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) registered and under treatment at the Leukemia Lymphoma Clinic at the Birla Cancer Center, SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur. Approximately, two-thirds of the patients are getting imatinib mesylate (IM) through the Glivec International Patient Assistance Program while the rest are on generic IM. In addition to comparison of hematological and molecular responses in the Glivec versus the genetic group, in this analysis, an attempt is also made to assess the socio-economic (SE) status of the patients and its effect on the response rates.