Accessory Scrotum - Truly an Appendage?

Accessory scrotum is defined as extra scrotal tissue in the vicinity of the anatomically located normal scrotum. We report a case of 4-day full-term male neonate with a unilateral accessory scrotum. We have discussed clinical presentations and associated anomalies of an accessory scrotum thus guiding its evaluation and treatment.

Outcome analysis of single-stage transanal endorectal pull through in selected patients with hirschsprung disease.

Background: Hirschsprung disease is a notable cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and constipation in older children. Transanal endorectal pull through (TEPT) is a newer technique of definitive management as against staged procedures. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the procedure in selected children with Hirschsprung disease managed by this technique with review of the literature.

Efficacy of fibrin sealant as waterproof cover in improving outcome in hypospadias surgery.

Background: This prospective comparative study aims to assess the efficacy of fibrin sealant to improve outcomes in paediatric patients operated for hypospadias.

Materials And Methods: Forty consecutive patients with hypospadias were randomised into two groups of twenty patients each. The first group underwent hypospadias repair, technique depending on the type of hypospadias, whereas in the second group, fibrin sealant was used to reinforce the urethroplasty.

Paediatric Intussusception: A Clinical Scoring System to Predict the Risk of Operative Intervention.

Background: Intussusception is a common cause of obstruction in paediatric patients. Rapid clinical recognition and treatment is important to prevent potentially fatal complications. The present study aims to derive a clinical scoring system for prediction of risk of operative intervention in patients with intussusception.

Gastric duplication cyst with hemoptysis: an unusual presentation.

Gastrointestinal duplications are rare developmental anomalies that may occur at any level from the oral cavity to the rectum, with the ileum being the most common site. Gastric duplications are rare gastrointestinal duplications. Various theories have been proposed for the development of duplication cysts; however, there is no single theory that explains all types of duplications.

Outcome of topical steroid application in children with non-retractile prepuce.

True phimosis is overdiagnosed due to the failure to distinguish it from physiological phimosis, which is a normal developmental non retractability of the foreskin. The non-retractile prepuce in children is a cause of parental anxiety and concern. This leads to the majority of the children undergoing surgical procedures.

An Unusual Presentation of Rectal Carcinoma in a Child.

Colorectal carcinoma is a well-known malignancy in adults. However, it is rare in children. Besides, it also has different behaviour in paediatric age-group and usually presents with non-specific symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, and anaemia.

Desmosis coli - a case report and review of the literature.

Desmosis coli is a rare pathology presenting as slow transit constipation. In this case we would like to discuss the presentation and management of desmosis coli. A 14-month-old female hailing from western India with a history of chronic constipation presented with acute massive abdominal distension and vomiting.

Management of Traumatic Liver and Bile Duct Laceration.

Posttraumatic major bile leak in children is uncommon, with few cases reported in the literature. These injuries are seen in high-grade liver trauma and are difficult to diagnose and manage. We describe a 7-year-old boy with grade IV hepatic trauma and bile leak following blunt abdominal trauma.

Management of Liver Abscess in Children: Our Experience.

Introduction: Liver abscess is common in pediatric population in India. Children have unique set of predisposing factors and clinical features. Liver abscesses are infectious, space-occupying lesions in the liver; the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amebic.

Transurethral incision of ureteroceles in paediatric age group.

Objective: Ureteroceles are a great clinical challenge because of variations in anatomy and clinical presentations. We present our experience with primary transurethral incision of ureteroceles in children.

Material And Methods: Data of thirteen children managed for ureterocele from 2009 to 2016 was retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation and symptomatology, type and localization of ureterocele, investigations, surgical management and follow-up.

Congenital rectovaginal fistula with anorectal agenesis: A rare anorectal malformation.

Background: Rectovaginal fistula is a rare type of anorectal malformation; the incidence being less than 1%. We describe five cases of rectovaginal fistula managed at our institution.

Materials And Methods: Case records of five female neonates with rectovaginal fistula managed at our institute between 2010 and 2016 were reviewed and analysed with respect to age at presentation, clinical presentations, physical findings, investigations, management and outcome.

Traumatic duodenal injury in children: A report of two cases.

Duodenal injury following blunt abdominal trauma in children is extremely rare. It commonly has a delayed presentation, thus leading to increased mortality and morbidity. We report two cases of isolated duodenal injury following blunt abdominal trauma in children.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome associated with rectovestibular fistula.

A female neonate with two openings in the introitus and an absent anal opening at the anal site presents a diagnostic challenge. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome associated with rectovestibular fistula, though rare, should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of this presentation. We present such a case in a one-year-old female child with MRKH syndrome and rectovestibular fistula.

Ovarian yolk sac tumour in a girl - case report.

Yolk sac tumours are rare ovarian malignancies accounting for less than 1% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. They are mostly seen in adolescents and young women and are usually unilateral making fertility preservation imperative. Raised alpha-feto protein level is the hallmark of this tumour.

Anovestibular fistula in an infant with retroviral infection - case report.

A vestibular fistula with a normal anus is a rare subtype of anorectal malformation seen more often in East Asia and India. Though mostly congenital, some authors have suggested acquired etiologies for this condition. Infants with retroviral infection have been reported to develop acquired rectovestibular fistulas.

Delayed presentation of jejunal atresia.

Type I intestinal atresias (webs) are rare causes of gastrointestinal obstruction in infants, the most common site being the second portion of the duodenum. According to the Louw and Barnard classification, type 1 atresia has been defined as an intra-luminal web which results in either complete (web with no perforation) or incomplete (web with central perforation) intestinal obstruction. The jejunum is a rare site of such webs.

Cysts of Gastrointestinal Origin in Children: Varied Presentation.

Purpose: Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.

Methods: Fourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up.

Neonatal Gartner Duct Cyst: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.

Vaginal cysts are rare, particularly in the newborn. They usually present as one of these three entities in the newborn: paraurethral cysts (Skene duct cysts), Gartner duct cysts (mesonephric ductal remnants) or a covered ectopic ureter. Abdominal ultrasound should always be included in the clinical evaluation in search of renal anomalies.

Cystic Congenital Scalp Inclusion Dermoid: A Case Report.

Dermoid cysts are developmental tumours that develop from germ cells displaced between the 3rd and 5th week of embryogenesis. Although dermoid cysts are known to be the most common scalp swellings; cystic congenital inclusion dermoid of the anterior fontanelle is a very rare scalp swelling. It is a benign, slow-growing, non-tender, soft swelling which is covered with intact skin.

Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Biloma in a Child Managed by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography and Stenting: A Case Report.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, though an uncommon surgical procedure in paediatric age group is still associated with a higher risk of post-operative bile duct injuries when compared with the open procedure. Small leaks from extra hepatic biliary apparatus usually lead to the formation of a localized sub-hepatic bile collection, also known as biloma. Such leaks are rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, especially in paediatric age group.

ERCP with stenting of traumatic pancreatic duct transection: A case report.

Pancreatic injuries, though rare, are associated with high morbidity because of location of pancreas adjacent to the various hollow and solid organs. Difficulty in early diagnosis adds to morbidity. Condition of the pancreatic duct is an important factor in grading the injury and deciding upon course of management.

Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis with an unusual "inverted" Y chromosome.

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a rare disorder of sex development associated with sex chromosome aneuploidy and mosaicism of the Y chromosome. It is characterized by a unilateral non-palpable (usually intra-abdominal) testis, a contralateral streak gonad and persistent mullerian structures. The clinical presentation can vary from a typical male to female phenotype including all degrees of cryptorchidism, labial fusion, clitoromegaly, epispadias and hypospadias.