Active Case Finding among Adults using an Individual's Vulnerability Score for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Rural Village of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: "Detect-Treat-Prevent-Build" to achieve tuberculosis (TB)-free India is envisaged in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). To be able to achieve this, it is important to address the fact that the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups need to undertake screening. The present review aimed to examine the vulnerability in connection with TB disparities faced by distinct sub-populations generally viewed as vulnerable and follow these for testing.

A switch-off fluorescence probe towards Pb(II) and cu(II) ions based on a calix[4]pyrrole bearing amino-quinoline group.

A new fluorescence receptor calix[4]pyrrole-N-(quinoline-8-yl) acetamide (CAMQ) containing a pyrrolic ring connected via the meso-position was synthesized, purified and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and mass spectroscopy. This compound was examined for its fluorescence properties towards different metal ions e.g.

Recurrent meningeal sarcoma successfully treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Primary intracranial meningeal sarcoma is a rare neurological malignancy without strong evidence-based treatment guidelines. The authors describe a boy with primary meningeal sarcoma who symptomatically presented at 10 months of age and was treated with primary resection. The patient had multifocal recurrence approximately 2 years later.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measured by the Streck ESR-Auto Plus is higher than with the Sediplast Westergren method: a validation study.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific indicator of disease activity and is often used by clinicians in assisting diagnosis and follow-up of many inflammatory disorders. The Westergren method is considered the standard method for measuring ESR. Recently, many automated instruments have become available to address laboratory safety and time efficiency.

Gamma Knife surgery in the management of radioresistant brain metastases in high-risk patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and sarcoma.

Object: The purpose of this study was to examine the results of using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for brain metastases from classically radioresistant malignancies.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 76 patients with melanoma (50 patients), renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 23 patients), or sarcoma (3 patients) who underwent GKS between August 1998 and July 2007. Overall patient survival, intracranial progression, and local progression of individual lesions were analyzed.

Granulocytic sarcoma in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Granulocytic sarcomas (GS) are uncommon extramedullary tumors composed of immature cells of the granulocytic or myeloid series. Treatment for GS should be directed toward the underlying hematologic disorder. There is no standard treatment.

Brain: the common site of relapse in patients with pancoast or superior sulcus tumors.

Purpose: We conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the occurrence of brain metastasis with superior sulcus tumors.

Methods And Materials: We reviewed 685 charts of patients treated for upper lobe lung cancer between 1997 and 2003. Twenty-nine out of 685 patients (4%) had a diagnosis of Pancoast or superior sulcus tumor.

Doses greater than 85 Gy and two isocenters in Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: updated results.

Object: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Preliminary results of this study were previously reported. The updated results are reported in this paper.

Dibutyltin exposure decreases granzyme B and perforin in human natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that are capable of killing tumor and virally-infected cells. Dibutyltin (DBT) is a catalyst in the production of PVC plastics and a breakdown product of tributyltin (TBT). DBT is a significant environmental contaminant.

Effects of interleukins 2 and 12 on the levels of granzyme B and perforin and their mRNAs in tributyltin-exposed human natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that are capable of killing tumor cells, virally infected cells and antibody coated cells. Tributyltin (TBT) is a toxic chemical used for various industrial purposes such as: slime control in paper mills, disinfection of circulating industrial cooling waters, anti-fouling agents, and the preservation of wood. TBT can be found in edible items such as fish.

Dose-intensive thoracic radiation therapy for patients at high risk with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.

Recent studies suggest that radiation therapy (RT) dose escalation in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is feasible when 3-dimensional therapy is used. However, the accompanying prolongation of the treatment course when standard fractionation is used could be suboptimal from a practical and biologic standpoint. We report results of a compressed course of RT for patients with pathologically documented clinical stage 1 NSCLC who were unsuitable for curative surgery because of pulmonary dysfunction or other medical comorbidities.

Primary presentation of glioblastoma multiforme with leptomeningeal metastasis in the absence of previous craniotomy: a case report.

Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant glioma with a well-known tendency for intracranial spread but rarely for extracranial spread. We report a case of an adult woman who presented with symptoms of leptomeningeal metastasis from an intracranial glioblastoma multiforme located adjacent to the lateral ventricle. There have been very few cases of glioblastoma multiforme presenting with leptomeningeal metastasis in the absence of previous therapeutic intervention.

Tributyltin exposure causes decreased granzyme B and perforin levels in human natural killer cells.

Natural Killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that are capable of killing tumor cells, virally infected cells and antibody coated cells. Tributyltin (TBT) is a toxic chemical used for various industrial purposes such as: slime control in paper mills, disinfection of circulating industrial cooling waters, anti-fouling agents in shower curtains and the preservation of wood. TBT can be found in edible items such as dairy products and fish.

Markers of inflammation, proteolysis, and apoptosis in ESRD.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with protein catabolism and augmented apoptosis. Although the effect of metabolic acidosis and inflammatory cytokines on activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) is well known, the effect of HD on these pathways remains unexplored.

Methods: Twelve patients with end-stage renal disease were studied before and during HD.

The mevalonate pathway during acute tubular injury: selected determinants and consequences.

Renal injury evokes tubular cholesterol accumulation, mediated in part by increased HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) levels. The present study was undertaken to define potential molecular determinants of these changes and to ascertain the relative importance of increased cholesterol production versus mevalonate pathway-driven protein prenylation, on the emergence of the so-called postrenal injury "cytoresistant state." Cultured proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were subjected to Fe or ATP depletion injury, followed 1 to 24 hours later by assessments of: 1) sterol transcription factor expression (SREBP)-1 and -2); 2) HMGCR mRNA levels; and 3) Ras/Rho prenylation.