Hydroxychloroquine Causes Early Inner Retinal Toxicity and Affects Autophagosome-Lysosomal Pathway and Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Retina.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an anti-malarial drug but also widely used to treat autoimmune diseases like arthritis and lupus. Although there have been multiple reports of the adverse effect of prolonged HCQ usage on the outer retina, leading to bull's-eye maculopathy, the effect of HCQ toxicity on the inner retina as well as on overall visual functions has not been explored in detail. Furthermore, lack of an established animal model of HCQ toxicity hinders our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Social media collaboration of retinal physicians: A 'Young Retina Forum' survey.

Background And Objective: To describe the impact that social media usage has on a group of retina specialists.

Materials And Methods: An anonymous online survey was sent to members of the Young Retina Forum who use the social media platform - Telegram.

Results: Of a total of 178 members, 100 responded (87 men and 13 women), having an average age of 35 years.

Vision Loss after Intravitreal Injection of Autologous "Stem Cells" for AMD.

Adipose tissue-derived "stem cells" have been increasingly used by "stem-cell clinics" in the United States and elsewhere to treat a variety of disorders. We evaluated three patients in whom severe bilateral visual loss developed after they received intravitreal injections of autologous adipose tissue-derived "stem cells" at one such clinic in the United States. In these three patients, the last documented visual acuity on the Snellen eye chart before the injection ranged from 20/30 to 20/200.

Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injections in Patients With Self-reported Iodine Allergy.

Purpose: To present cases of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections where povidone-iodine (PI) was not used as part of the surgical preparation.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: All cases of presumed injection-related endophthalmitis presenting to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between June 2008 and November 2014 and Dean McGee Eye Institute between January 2010 and January 2015 were identified.

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: A review of imaging.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy can result in permanent vision loss. In early stages of HCQ retinopathy, patients are usually asymptomatic with preservation of visual acuity. We aspire that our review, in conjunction with the American Academy of Ophthalmology screening guidelines, shall shed light on effective screening measures utilizing multimodal imaging techniques to detect early signs of HCQ retinopathy before advanced changes manifest clinically.

Macular Development in Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose. To report anatomic outcomes after early and confluent laser photocoagulation of the entire avascular retina, including areas in close proximity to the fovea, in patients with APROP. We aspire to demonstrate fundoscopic evidence of transverse growth and macular development following laser treatment in APROP.

Conjunctival limbal autograft and allograft transplantation using fibrin glue.

Background And Objective: Conjunctival limbal autograft is the surgical treatment of choice for visually significant unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. The use of fibrin glue, which has been reported extensively in pterygium and other conjunctival surgeries, has not been fully described in limbal stem cell transplantation.

Patients And Methods: The authors reviewed 3 cases of conjunctival limbal autograft and 1 of living related conjunctival limbal allograft using only fibrin glue to secure the graft.

Limbal allograft transplantation using fibrin glue.

Limbal transplantation is now widely accepted as the treatment of advanced limbal stem cell deficiency. Herein, we describe a technique for harvesting thin limbal grafts from cadaveric corneoscleral rims and a sutureless method to secure the grafts to the recipient eye using fibrin glue. We report the results of fibrin glue-assisted keratolimbal allograft in 19 eyes of 16 patients, with the outcome measures being ocular surface stability, visual acuity, and postoperative complications.