Toxicity risk from hip implant CoCrMo particles: The impact of dynamic flow rate on neuronal cells in microfluidic systems.

In patients with total hip replacements (THRs), wear products in the form of nanoparticles and ions are released, especially around implant failure. In this study, we use N2a cells, a neuroblastoma cell line, to evaluate the effects of different flow rates on neuronal toxicity amidst exposure to CoCrMo particles. We hypothesized that increasing flow rates would increase N2a cell viability and decrease N2a cell-degradation products (DPs) toxicity.

Electrospun Silk-ICG Composite Fibers and the Application toward Hemorrhage Control.

In trauma and surgery, efficient hemorrhage control is crucial to avert fatal blood loss and increase the likelihood of survival. There is a significant demand for novel biomaterials capable of promptly and effectively managing bleeding. This study aimed to develop flexible biocomposite fibrous scaffolds with an electrospinning technique using silk fibroin (SF) and indocyanine green (ICG).

Enhancing bone repair through improved angiogenesis and osteogenesis using mesoporous silica nanoparticle-loaded Konjac glucomannan-based interpenetrating network scaffolds.

We have fabricated and characterized novel bioactive nanocomposite interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) scaffolds to treat bone defects by loading mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) into blends of Konjac glucomannan, polyvinyl alcohol, and polycaprolactone. By loading MSNs, we developed a porous nanocomposite scaffold with mechanical strengths comparable to cancellous bone. In vitro cell culture studies proved the cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite scaffolds.

Fretting-corrosion at the Implant-Abutment Interface Simulating Clinically Relevant Conditions.

Objective: Implant treatment is provided to individuals with normal, idealized masticatory forces and also to patients with parafunctional habits such as grinding, clenching, and bruxing. Dental erosion is a common increasing condition and is reported to affect 32 % of adults, increasing with age. This oral environment is conducive to tribocorrosion and the potential loss of materials from the implant surfaces and interfaces with prosthetic components.

Harnessing extracellular vesicles-mediated signaling for enhanced bone regeneration: novel insights into scaffold design.

The increasing prevalence of bone replacements and complications associated with bone replacement procedures underscores the need for innovative tissue restoration approaches. Existing synthetic grafts cannot fully replicate bone vascularization and mechanical characteristics. This study introduces a novel strategy utilizing pectin, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol to create interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) scaffolds incorporated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Investigation of cell-accelerated corrosion (CAC) on the CoCrMo alloy with segregation banding: Hip implant applications.

Metal alloy microstructure plays a crucial role in corrosion associated with total hip replacement (THR). THR is a prominent strategy that uses metal implants such as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys due to their advantageous biological and mechanical properties. Despite all benefits, these implants undergo corrosion and wear processes in-vivo in a synergistic manner called tribocorrosion.

Fretting-corrosion Apparatus with Low Magnitude Micro-motion (≤5 μm): Development and Preliminary Outcome.

Fretting-corrosion is one of the failure processes in many applications, including biomedical implants. For example, the modern design of hip implants with multiple components offers better flexibility and inventory storage. However, it will trigger the fretting at the implant interfaces with a small displacement amplitude (< 5 µm) and usually in a partial slip region.

Proteomic-based electrochemical non-invasive biosensor for early breast cancer diagnosis.

Breast cancer is the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide and in the United States, accounting for around 571,000 deaths per year. Early detection of breast cancer increases treatment results and the possibility of a cure. While existing diagnostic modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy exist, some are prohibitively expensive, uncomfortable, time-consuming, and have limited sensitivity, necessitating the development of a cost-effective, rapid, and highly sensitive approach such as an electrochemical biosensor.

Survivability of Titanium Implant Materials: In Vitro Simulated Inflammatory and Infectious Environment.

Titanium-based implants utilized in total joint arthroplasties could restore primary musculoskeletal function to patients suffering from osteoarthritis and other conditions. Implants are susceptible to failure stemming from aseptic loosening and infection at the joint site, eventually requiring revision surgery. We hypothesized that there might be a feedback loop by which metal degradation particles and ions released from the implant decrease cell viability and increase immune response, thereby creating biochemical conditions that increase the corrosion rate and release more metal ions.

Biomimetic ion substituted and Co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticle synthesis using Serratia Marcescens.

Biomimicry is becoming deep-rooted as part of bioceramics owing to its numerous functional advantages. Naturally occurring hydroxyapatite (HA) apart from primary nano structures are also characterised by various ionic substitutions. The ease of accommodating such key elements into the HA lattice is known to enhance bone healing properties of bioceramics.

Screening and selection of camptothecin producing endophytes from Nothapodytes nimmoniana.

Endophytic fungi with the ability to produce plant based secondary metabolites are a potential alternative for producing the host plant metabolite and to prevent natural plants from extinction. To isolate a high metabolite yielding endophytic strain from plants, hundreds of endophytic strains are screened and tested for product yield separately under axenic state, before shortlisting the potential endophyte, which involves huge time consumption. In this study, strategies for screening and selection of high camptothecin yielding endophytes from their natural habitat were proposed.

Design and evaluation of Konjac glucomannan-based bioactive interpenetrating network (IPN) scaffolds for engineering vascularized bone tissues.

Synthetic bone grafts are being developed to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments for bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bioactive binary and novel ternary interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) scaffolds using a combination of natural and synthetic polymers. The binary IPN scaffolds were prepared using Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

Facile, shear-induced, rapid formation of stable gels of chitosan through in situ generation of colloidal metal salts.

A novel method of preparing chitosan gels using in situ generated negatively-charged colloidal salts of a variety of metal ions is described. Their potential as scaffolds for tissue-engineering and as recoverable catalysts in aza-Michael addition is demonstrated here. Given their wide range of properties, they have broad scope for applications.