Metabolic rewiring in skin epidermis drives tolerance to oncogenic mutations.

Skin epithelial stem cells correct aberrancies induced by oncogenic mutations. Oncogenes invoke different strategies of epithelial tolerance; while wild-type cells outcompete β-catenin-gain-of-function (βcatGOF) cells, Hras cells outcompete wild-type cells. Here we ask how metabolic states change as wild-type stem cells interface with mutant cells and drive different cell-competition outcomes.

Selective utilization of glucose metabolism guides mammalian gastrulation.

The prevailing dogma for morphological patterning in developing organisms argues that the combined inputs of transcription factor networks and signalling morphogens alone generate spatially and temporally distinct expression patterns. However, metabolism has also emerged as a critical developmental regulator, independent of its functions in energy production and growth. The mechanistic role of nutrient utilization in instructing cellular programmes to shape the in vivo developing mammalian embryo remains unknown.

A Spatiotemporal Compartmentalization of Glucose Metabolism Guides Mammalian Gastrulation Progression.

Gastrulation is considered the of embryogenesis, establishing a multidimensional structure and the spatial coordinates upon which all later developmental events transpire. At this time, the embryo adopts a heavy reliance on glucose metabolism to support rapidly accelerating changes in morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. However, it is currently unknown how this conserved metabolic shift maps onto the three-dimensional landscape of the growing embryo and whether it is spatially linked to the orchestrated cellular and molecular processes necessary for gastrulation.

Expression of BRCA1 by immunohistochemistry and its association with ER, PR, Her2neu status in infiltrative ductal carcinoma of breast.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which differs in its clinical behaviors and responses to treatment and outcome. The prognosis of breast cancer depends on histopathological parameters and molecular subtypes. Among more than 300 genes, which are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer tumor suppressor gene such as BRCA1 is known to play a significant role in hereditary cancers.

Effect of leaves on hematological profile of fluorosis affected rats.

Fluorosis is a metabolic disease that is endemic in nearly 25 countries with India being one of the most affected. It primarily affects the bone and the teeth. Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves are known to reduce the effect of fluorosis on various tissues.

Metabolic decisions in development and disease-a Keystone Symposia report.

There is an increasing appreciation for the role of metabolism in cell signaling and cell decision making. Precise metabolic control is essential in development, as evident by the disorders caused by mutations in metabolic enzymes. The metabolic profile of cells is often cell-type specific, changing as cells differentiate or during tumorigenesis.

Expression of CD 133 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.

Background: CD133 is a commonly used cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in breast cancer. However, the association between CD133 expression, with clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer, is poorly understood in the Indian subcontinent. This study was designed to explore the expression of CD 133 in breast carcinoma and to know its association  between CD133 and clinicopathological characteristics.

Recent advances in clathrin-independent endocytosis.

Endocytic pathways are broadly classified into clathrin dependent and independent on the basis of the requirement for the coat protein, clathrin. The molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the formation of clathrin-independent pathways are still being explored, and this review summarizes recent advances and emerging functional roles of these diverse pathways. In particular, this review will discuss the growing consensus on the role of BAR domain proteins and the actin machinery in different clathrin-independent pathways and its significance to the functions fulfilled by these endocytic pathways.

Reduction of Dose to the Contralateral Breast by Superflab Use in Radiation Therapy for Mammary Carcinomas.

Background: Radiation therapy is an integral part of multimodality treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of breast. Radiation doses to nearby critical normal structures like heart, lungs, and contralateral breast (CLB increases risk of second malignancies. In this study, we measured doses to the CLB and studied effects of a 1 cm thickness superflap.

Endocytosis of Wingless via a dynamin-independent pathway is necessary for signaling in wing discs.

Endocytosis of ligand-receptor complexes regulates signal transduction during development. In particular, clathrin and dynamin-dependent endocytosis has been well studied in the context of patterning of the wing disc, wherein apically secreted Wingless (Wg) encounters its receptor, DFrizzled2 (DFz2), resulting in a distinctive dorso-ventral pattern of signaling outputs. Here, we directly track the endocytosis of Wg and DFz2 in the wing disc and demonstrate that Wg is endocytosed from the apical surface devoid of DFz2 via a dynamin-independent CLIC/GEEC pathway, regulated by Arf1, Garz, and class I PI3K.

Identification of Odontella aurita by rbcL gene sequence - a high antibacterial potential centric marine diatom.

The antibacterial potential of centric marine diatoms has been compared against the clinical pathogens and identified the potential diatom by rbcL gene sequencing. Totally, five diatoms namely Odontella aurita, Thalassiosira subtilis, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum and Coscinodiscus centralis were isolated from Cuddalore coastal waters. The diatoms were morphologically identified and isolated using micro capillary-pipette and serial dilution method.

Evaluation of histomorphological and immunohistochemical parameters as biomarkers of cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is seen worldwide but is more common in India. Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been shown to be the strongest prognostic factor in OSCC. Many histopathological and immunohistochemical markers have been studied to predict the LN metastasis.

Inexplicable Co- Existence of Eccrine Spiradenoma and Lichen Planus in an old Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rare benign adnexal tumour usually seen in the head, neck or upper trunk in young adults. It is rare in the lower extremities and in the elderly. Co- existence of eccrine spiradenoma with other lesions like cylindroma, trichoepithelioma, hidradenoma and chondroid syringoma has been documented in literature.

Micronuclei in breast aspirates. Is scoring them helpful?

Background: Micronuclei scoring can be used as a biomarker of genotoxic and chromosomal damage.

Aims: 1. To score the spontaneously occurring micronuclei in the baseline population (fibroadenomas) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 2.

Cytomorphological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis revisited.

Background: Tubercular lymphadenitis is one of the most common causes of lymph node enlargement in developing countries. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in diagnosing Tubercular lymphadenitis and prevents unnecessary surgical intervention.

Aim: To study the cytomorphological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis in our study population and correlate the bacillary load by acid fast staining with cytomorphological patterns.

Nasopharyngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma - a common entity at an uncommon location.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas mostly occur in the major salivary glands, the minor salivary glands of oral cavity and in the lacrimal glands. These tumours rarely occur in the sino-nasal tract. When they occur in the sino-nasal tract, the most frequent site is the maxillary antrum, followed by the nasal cavity, the nasopharynx and the ethmoidal sinuses.

Rare retro-orbital intraconal occurrence of benign schwannoma - a case report.

Schwannomas otherwise referred to as neurilemmomas are benign, slowly progressing, encapsulated tumors arising from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve sheath. They may grow along any peripheral or cranial nerve. Amongst the cranial nerve schwannomas, the eigth cranial nerve is the commonest site.

Expression of vimentin in breast carcinoma, its correlation with Ki67 and other histopathological parameters.

Context: Vimentin is a mesenchymal marker, known to express in some epithelial carcinomas.

Aims: 1. To find out the expression of vimentin in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast (not otherwise specified), 2.

Significance of micronucleus in cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma.

Background: The micronuclei (MNi) test on exfoliated cells has been successfully used to screen population groups at risk for cancers of oral cavity, urinary bladder, cervix and esophagus. Their frequency appears to increase in carcinogen-exposed tissues long before any clinical symptoms are evident. There are only limited numbers of studies on MN scoring in cervical pre-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions.

MFH Mimic in Breast: A High-Grade Malignant Phyllodes Tumor.

Malignant phyllodes tumor is usually diagnosed by the presence of benign duct-like epithelium and malignant mesenchymal tissue. In addition to the usual fibrosarcomatous features, the mesenchymal component may show areas resembling osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant mesenchymoma, and, very rarely, malignant fibrous histiocytoma. We present one such rare case of malignant phyllodes tumor with malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like stromal differentiation.

Endometrial aspiration cytology by various techniques.

The demand for testing endometrium for detecting pathological as well as hormonal status is increasing and cytodiagnosis is extended very rapidly in malignant and non-malignant conditions. The gynaecologists have responded to this trend by providing cost effective care without compromising the quality. With this in mind, uterine aspiration curettage, ambulatory procedure, for endometrial sampling was studied.