Multiple bilateral breast masses due to lymphoma metastases: A report of 2 cases highlighting the mammographic and sonographic features.

Metastases within breast usually occur due to a primary malignancy in the contralateral breast. Breast metastases from extra mammary malignancies are known to be very rare and the primary tumors are reported to be melanoma, lung cancer, gastro-intestinal primary tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, sarcomas, ovarian tumors and lymphomas. Breast lymphomas comprise 0.

Erratum to "Imaging diagnosis of a giant choledochal cyst in an infant" [Radiology Case Reports 17 (2022) 404-411].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.

Imaging Approach to Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient.

Pulmonary infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and almost one-third of intensive care unit patients with pulmonary infections belong to the immunocompromised category. Multiple organisms may simultaneously infect an immunocompromised patient and the overwhelming burden of mixed infections further predisposes critically ill patients to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Notwithstanding that lung ultrasound is coming into vogue, the primary imaging investigation is a chest radiograph, followed by thoracic CT scan.

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (CEVUS) as a novel technique for evaluation in a case of male urethral diverticulum.

Male urethral diverticulum is an uncommon entity, the abnormality being more frequently encountered in females. The pathology may be congenital or acquired and the more frequent acquired type usually occurs following trauma. Afflicted patients usually lack specific symptoms, although in a few instances, symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction, calculi, or infection may prevail.

Prospective revalidation of IOTA "two-step", "alternative two-step" and "three-step" strategies for characterization of adnexal masses - An Indian study focussing the radiology context.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to revalidate the diagnostic performance of IOTA "two step" (Simple Descriptors and Simple Rules), " alternative two step" (Simple Rules Risk Calculation tool / SRrisk score), and three step (two step with subjective assessment) strategies, for characterization of adnexal masses as benign or malignant, using histopathology as gold standard.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, study comprised of 100 patients with newly diagnosed adnexal masses, who underwent ultrasound evaluation first by a level I and then by a level III investigator (EFSUMB criteria). Initially, the level I investigator evaluated each adnexal mass, applying IOTA "two-step" strategy and simultaneously assigned a risk category, by applying the simple rules risk score (SRrisk score) or performing the "alternative two step" strategy.

Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic.

As healthcare professionals continue to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection worldwide, there is an increasing interest in the role of imaging and the relevance of various modalities. Since imaging not only helps assess the disease at the time of diagnosis but also aids evaluation of response to management, it is critical to examine the role of different modalities currently in use, such as baseline X-rays and computed tomography scans carefully. In this article, we will draw attention to the critical findings for the radiologist.

Clinical and imaging features of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis - The diagnostic challenges and a brief review.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), or granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare, benign, inflammatory condition of the breast, without an identifiable underlying etiology. The clinical and imaging diagnosis of this entity is challenging with the presentation frequently mimicking inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC). Mammography and breast ultrasound (US) have an important role in its detection, however, biopsy is imperative for histopathological confirmation.

Niche role of MRI in the evaluation of female infertility.

Infertility is a major social and clinical problem affecting 13-15% of couples worldwide. The pelvic causes of female infertility are categorized as ovarian disorders, tubal, peritubal disorders, and uterine disorders. Appropriate selection of an imaging modality is essential to accurately diagnose the aetiology of infertlity, since the imaging diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment to be instituted.

Imaging diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in two cases confirmed on genetic studies - with a brief review.

Crouzon syndrome is the most common form of craniofacial dysostosis, characterised by a classical triad of abnormal skull shape, abnormal facies, and exophthalmos. The clinically overt dental abnormalities in these patients, distracts clinicians from the developmental neurological defects and therefore this entity remains relatively under - highlighted in radiology literature. We report and highlight the role of imaging in diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in two patients, and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis.

Approach to pediatric renal tumors: an imaging review.

Renal tumors comprise 7% of all childhood cancers. A wide variety of renal tumors can affect the pediatric kidneys, which can be broadly classified as primary benign tumors, primary malignant tumors, and metastatic lesions. This article aims to enumerate usual benign and malignant renal tumors that can occur in childhood and emphasizes the characteristic imaging appearances which aid in their differential diagnosis.

Imaging Diagnosis of a Rare Presacral Tumour.

Background: Primary tumors in the presacral (retrorectal) space are extremely rare in adults, with an estimated incidence of 0.0025 to 0.014 in large referral centers.

Pseudo Prune Belly Syndrome: Diagnosis Revealed by Imaging - A Case Report and Brief Review.

Background: Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) is a rare entity, usually found in male neonates. It comprises complex urinary tract anomalies, bilateral undescended testis and absence of anterior abdominal wall muscles. Patients with unilateral abdominal wall deficiency, unilateral undescended testis and female neonates with abdominal wall laxity are classified as Pseudo Prune Belly syndrome (PPBS).

Neonatal cranial sonography: ultrasound findings in neonatal meningitis-a pictorial review.

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a common manifestation of late onset neonatal sepsis. Cranial sonography (CRS) has a crucial role in assessment of infants with clinical suspicion of bacterial meningitis as well as follows up of its complications. CRS is performed with high frequency transducer through anterior fontanelle in both coronal and sagittal planes.

"Caught by the Eye of Sound" - Epigastric Swelling due to Xiphisternal Tuberculosis.

Background: Common causes of an epigastric mass include hepatomegaly, pancreatic pseudocyst and epigastric hernia, less common causes being carcinoma of the stomach or pancreas, whereas diseases of the sternum presenting as an epigastric swelling is extremely uncommon. We report a case of tubercular infection of the sternum located in the xiphoid process resulting in its presentation as an epigastric swelling.

Case Report: A 30-year-old immunocompetent woman with complaints of an epigastric swelling and undocumented pyrexia for four months was referred for sonographic evaluation with a clinical suspicion of an incompletely treated liver abscess.

Sonographic Diagnosis in a Rare Aetiology of Neonatal Scrotal Swellings: A Case Report of Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome.

Background: Common etiologies of scrotal swelling in neonates include hydrocoele, inguinal hernia and testicular torsion; less common is epididymo-orchitis. Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS), a rare entity, is known to present as progressive renal failure and its leading presentation with scrotal involvement has not been reported.

Material/methods: We report a rare case of CNS with primary clinical presentation as scrotal cellulitis and epididymo-orchitis.

Traumatic brain injury and the post-concussion syndrome: A diffusion tensor tractography study.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a tool for detecting diffuse axonal injury in patients of acute, mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), using two diffusion variables: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The correlation of these indices with the severity of post-concussive symptoms was also assessed.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients with acute, mild, or moderate TBI and twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited.